球孢白僵菌与天然除虫菊素混配及其防治蚜虫等应用

刘芬; 古开平; 温嘉祺; 刘辉; 张珂; 胡琼波; 翁群芳

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202405025

球孢白僵菌与天然除虫菊素混配及其防治蚜虫等应用

Mixing of Beauveria bassiana with natural pyrethrins and its application in controlling aphids and other pests

摘要

摘要:
目的球孢白僵菌广泛应用于农林害虫、螨等的防控，但因其杀虫速度较慢、防效不稳定等，限制了大规模应用。除虫菊素是一种天然植物杀虫剂，常用于有机农业害虫防治，但价格昂贵，且持效期短。本研究旨在将球孢白僵菌及除虫菊素混配，研发效果好、成本低的混配组合和适当制剂。
方法以喷雾法测定球孢白僵菌BbPs01菌株的分生孢子、天然除虫菊素及其混配液对棉蚜的室内活性，用协同系数评价联合毒力，筛选增效组合；制备1.0%白僵菌·除虫菊素可分散油悬浮剂(1.0%BbPy OD)，对黄瓜蚜虫、番茄烟粉虱和白菜黄曲条跳甲开展田间防效测定。
结果室内毒力测定结果表明，在处理3 d后，球孢白僵菌、除虫菊素以质量比0.8∶0.2、1.8∶0.2、0.7∶0.3、0.6∶0.4、0.5∶0.5混配，表现出对棉蚜的增效作用，综合选择球孢白僵菌、除虫菊素质量比0.7∶0.3组合制备1.0% BbPy OD。1.0% BbPy OD对棉蚜的LC₅₀为1.98 mg/L，低于阳性对照1.5% Py EW的5.05 mg/L。田间药效试验结果表明，1.0% BbPy OD对黄瓜蚜虫、番茄烟粉虱和白菜黄曲条跳甲均有较好防效。
结论球孢白僵菌与除虫菊素混配对蚜虫有增效作用，其二元混配可分散油悬浮剂对蚜虫等害虫展现出良好的防治效果，该研究为发展真菌与植物源杀虫剂的应用技术提供了新思路。

Abstract:
Objective Beauveria bassiana is widely used to control agricultural and forestry arthropod pests, but the slower and unstable efficacy limit its application. Pyrethrins is a natural botanical insecticide commonly used in organic agriculture for pest control, but it is expensive and has a short persistence period. This study was aimed to mix Beauveria bassiana and pyrethrins together, develop effective and low-cost mixing combinations and appropriate preparations.
Method Under indoor conditions, the conidia of B. bassiana BbPs01 strain, natural pyrethrins and their mixtures against cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii were tested by spray method. To screen the synergistic combinations of BbPs01 and pyrethrins, the joint virulence of mixtures was evaluated with cotoxicity factor (c. f.). The 1.0% dispersible oil suspension of BbPs01-pyrethrins (1.0% BbPy OD) was prepared and applied in fields to investigate the control efficacy.
Result The results from toxicity tests in lab showed that after 3 days of treatment, the mixture of BbPs01 and pyrethrins in the mass ratios of 0.8∶0.2, 1.8∶0.2, 0.7∶0.3, 0.6∶0.4, 0.5∶0.5 showed an synergistic effect on A. gossypii. A comprehensive combination of B. bassiana and pyrethrins in mass ratio of 0.7∶0.3 was selected to prepare 1.0% BbPy OD. The LC₅₀ of 1.0% BbPy OD against aphids was 1.98 mg/L, which is lower than the positive control (the LC₅₀ of 1.5% pyrethrins EW is 5.05 mg/L). In field trials, it was found that 1.0% BbPy OD had good efficacies to control A. gossypii on cucumber, Bemisia tabaci on tomato and Phyllotreta striolata on Chinese flowering cabbage.
Conclusion B. bassiana and pyrethrins has synergistic effect on aphids, and their binary mixed dispersible oil suspension shows good control effect on aphids and other pests. This study provides a new insight for expanding the application technology of myco- and botanical insecticides.

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