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    球孢白僵菌与天然除虫菊素混配及防治害虫的应用

    Mixing Beauveria bassiana with natural pyrethrins and the application in pest control

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana广泛应用于农林害虫的防控，但因其杀虫速度较慢、防效不稳定等，限制了大规模应用。除虫菊素是一种天然植物杀虫剂，常用于有机农业害虫防治，但价格昂贵，且持效期短。本研究旨在将球孢白僵菌与除虫菊素混配，研发效果好、成本低的混配组合和适当制剂。
      方法 以喷雾法测定球孢白僵菌BbPs01菌株的分生孢子、天然除虫菊素及混配液对棉蚜Aphis gossypii的室内活性，用协同毒力指数评价联合毒力，筛选增效组合；制备1.0%(φ)球孢白僵菌·除虫菊素可分散油悬浮剂(1.0% BbPy OD)，对棉蚜开展室内活性测定，对黄瓜棉蚜、番茄烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci和白菜黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata开展田间防效测定。
      结果 室内毒力测定结果表明，在处理后3 d，球孢白僵菌、除虫菊素以质量比0.8∶0.2、1.8∶0.2、0.7∶0.3、0.6∶0.4和0.5∶0.5混配表现出对棉蚜的增效作用，质量比0.7∶0.3时协同毒力指数最大，因此选择该组合制备1.0% BbPy OD。室内活性测定表明，1.0% BbPy OD对棉蚜的LC50为1.98 mg/L，低于阳性对照1.5%(φ)除虫菊素水乳剂(1.5% Py EW)的5.05 mg/L。田间药效试验结果表明，1.0% BbPy OD对黄瓜棉蚜、番茄烟粉虱和白菜黄曲条跳甲均有较好防效。
      结论 球孢白僵菌与除虫菊素混配对蚜虫有增效作用，其二元混配可分散油悬浮剂对蚜虫等害虫表现出良好的防治效果，该研究为发展真菌与植物源杀虫剂的应用技术提供了新思路。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective Beauveria bassiana is widely used to control agricultural and forestry pests, but the slower and unstable efficacy limit its large-scale application. Pyrethrins is a natural botanical insecticide, and commonly used for pest control in organic agriculture, but it is expensive and has a short persistence period. This study was aimed to mix B. bassiana and pyrethrins together, develop effective and low-cost mixed combinations and appropriate preparations.
      Method Under indoor conditions, the bioactivities of conidia of B. bassiana BbPs01 strain, natural pyrethrins and their mixtures against cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) were tested by spray method. To screen the synergistic combinations of BbPs01 and pyrethrins, the joint virulence of mixtures was evaluated with cotoxicity factor. The 1.0% (\varphi ) dispersible oil suspension of B. bassiana·pyrethrins (1.0% BbPy OD) was prepared and applied in lab to investigate the control efficacy against A. gossypii, as well as in fields to investigate the control efficacy against A. gossypii on cucumber, Bemisia tabaci on tomato and Phyllotreta striolata on Chinese flowering cabbage.
      Result The results from toxicity tests in lab showed that on day 3 after treatment, the mixture of BbPs01 and pyrethrins in the mass ratios of 0.8∶0.2, 1.8∶0.2, 0.7∶0.3, 0.6∶0.4, 0.5∶0.5 showed synergistic effect against A. gossypii. The combination of B. bassiana and pyrethrins in mass ratio of 0.7∶0.3 had the highest cotoxicity factor, and was selected to prepare 1.0% BbPy OD. The lab activity test results showed that the LC50 of 1.0% BbPy OD against A. gossypii was 1.98 mg/L, which was lower than the positive control, LC50 of 1.5% (φ) pyrethrins emulsion in water (1.5% Py Ew) was 5.05 mg/L. In field trials, it was found that 1.0% BbPy OD had good efficacies to control A. gossypii on cucumber, B. tabaci on tomato and P. striolata on Chinese flowering cabbage.
      Conclusion B. bassiana and pyrethrins has synergistic effect on aphids, and their binary mixed dispersible oil suspension shows good control effect on aphids and other pests. This study provides a new insight for expanding the application technology of myco- and botanical insecticides.

       

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