Abstract:
Objective In order to improve the removal rate and harvesting efficiency of Camellia oleifera fruits, a vibratory C. oleifera fruit harvesting actuator was designed for the C. oleifera forest in the hilly area of southern China.
Method The design of harvester head, harvester arm and hydraulic control system for the harvesting actuator of CZC40RY C. oleifera fruit harvester was completed. The vibration system mechanical model of vibration device-C. oleifera tree and the single pendulum dynamic model of C. oleifera fruit-C. oleifera branch were established. COMSOL and ANSYS softwares were used to complete the free mode response and harmonic response analysis of the 3D model of C. oleifera tree. The Box-Behnken test method was used to determine the optimal operating parameters of the harvesting actuator with vibration frequency, amplitude and vibration time as the test factors, and the removal rate and flower drop rate as the test indexes.
Result The vibration frequency and the main factors affecting the amplitude were determined when the tree was subjected to the simple harmonic exciting force, and the shedding acceleration of C. oleifera fruits was 947.63 m/s2, and the frequency range of the vibration device was 15~25 Hz.The harvesting test of C. oleifera forest verified that the vibration frequency was 21 Hz, the amplitude was 10 mm, and the vibration time was 10 s, the average removal rate of the harvesting actuator was 95.5%, and the flower drop rate was 2.1%. Through comparative analysis of the harvesting parameters with vibratory C. oleifera fruit harvesters, the obvious differences in the shedding frequency, size and maturity of C. oleifera fruits in different regions, different varieties and even the same C. oleifera tree were obtained. The divide order vibration harvesting method was proposed, and the vibration frequency-vibration time relationship diagram was given.
Conclusion The harvesting actuator can meet the mechanical harvesting needs of C. oleifera fruits.