空间诱变与重离子诱变水稻萌发期耐盐突变体的筛选与鉴定

赵哲; 罗增铜; 浦娜; 赵二生; 向松; 张波; 何林芮; 周楚翘; 郭涛; 肖武名

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202310034

空间诱变与重离子诱变水稻萌发期耐盐突变体的筛选与鉴定

Screening and identification of rice salt-tolerant mutants at germination stage induced by space mutagenesis and heavy ion radiation

摘要

摘要:
目的筛选萌发期耐盐突变体，为耐盐水稻新品种的创制与培育提供优异的种质资源。
方法对优质籼稻品种‘航聚香丝苗’干种子进行空间诱变和重离子诱变处理，并对诱变后代进行耐盐突变体的定向筛选。将野生型(WT)‘航聚香丝苗’种子用不同浓度NaCl溶液处理，探索萌发期耐盐突变体筛选的适宜浓度，以发芽率为指标对5 205份M₂代诱变材料进行筛选，并在M₃代进行验证。对WT和突变体进行耐盐相关生理指标的测定与分析，考查农艺性状；采用48个SSR标记对诱变后代与WT的遗传相似性进行评估。
结果萌发期耐盐突变体筛选的适宜NaCl溶液浓度为340 mmol/L，筛选得到12份萌发期耐盐突变体。生理指标测定结果显示，2个代表性突变体9-8和22-7的SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性均显著高于WT的，MDA、H₂O₂和O²⁻含量均显著低于WT的，耐盐突变体呈现出更强的抗氧化能力。突变体和野生型的农艺性状基本一致。SSR标记检测结果表明，WT ‘航聚香丝苗’与突变体19-49、20-15、20-49、20-62、15-6、16-65、22-7、20-19、20-38均无SSR差异位点，与突变体9-8、19-18、42-113的差异SSR位点均为1个。
结论筛选到12份萌发期耐盐突变体，且与WT ‘航聚香丝苗’的遗传背景高度一致，对水稻抗盐新品种的培育及抗盐性遗传机理的研究具有一定的理论和实际意义。

Abstract:
Objective To screen salt-tolerant mutants during germination, provide excellent germplasm resources for creating and breeding new salt-tolerant rice varieties.
Method The dried seeds of the high quality indica rice variety ‘Hangjuxiangsimiao’, were treated with spatial mutagenesis and heavy ion mutagenesis, and the mutagenised progeny were subjected to targeted screening for salt-tolerant mutants. Wild type (WT) ‘Hangjuxiangsimiao’ seeds were treated with different concentrations of NaCl solution to explore the appropriate concentration for screening salt-tolerant mutants at the germination stage, and then 5 205 M₂ mutant materials were screened using germination rate as an index and verified in the M₃ generation. WT and mutants were measured and analysed for salt-tolerance-related physiological indices and agronomic traits. 48 SSR markers were used to assess the genetic similarity between the mutant progeny and WT.
Result The appropriate NaCl concentration for screening salt-tolerant mutants at the germination stage was 340 mmol/L, and 12 salt-tolerant mutants were screened at the germination stage. The results of physiological indices showed that the SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities of two representative mutants 9-8 and 22-7 were significantly higher than those of WT, and the MDA, H₂O₂ and O²⁻ contents were significantly lower, the salt-tolerant mutants exhibited stronger antioxidant capacity. The results of SSR marker detection showed that there were no SSR differentiation locus between WT seedlings and mutants of 19-49, 20-15, 20-49, 20-62, 15-6, 16-65, 22-7, 20-19 and 20-38, and one differentiation SSR locus between them and mutants of 9-8, 19-18, 42-113.
Conclusion Twelve salt-tolerant mutants were screened at the germination stage, which were highly consistent with the genetic background of wild-type ‘Hangjuxiangsimiao’. It has certain theoretical and practical significance for breeding new salt-tolerant rice varieties and studing the genetic mechanism of salt tolerance.

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