Abstract: Orchid has high ornamental, medicinal, edible, ecological and culture values, which is loved by people all over the world due to its plentiful species, diversified exquisite floral morphology, charming colour, pleasant aroma and mysterious origin. Molecular breeding is the developmental direction in orchid breeding and great progresses have been made in recent years. In this paper, we summarized the advancements on genome sequencing, molecular genetic basis and gene cloning of main breeding objective traits, the techniques of genetic transformation, gene editing and molecular marker assisted selection in orchid, and discussed the key points of future study on molecular breeding technique and variety innovation in orchid.