韶关市典型香芋产区土壤养分状况及肥力评价

    Soil nutrient status and fertility evaluation of typical taro producing areas in Shaoguan City

    • 摘要:
      目的 了解广东省韶关市典型香芋产区的土壤肥力情况,以期为香芋产区土壤养分资源管理提供参考依据。
      方法 分别于韶关市的3个香芋种植区(桂头镇老均村,廊田镇官坡滩村、农庄村)采集0~30 cm香芋根际土壤样品,测定土壤理化性质,通过主成分分析和相关性分析,筛选出最能代表当地土壤肥力的指标进入最小数据集,通过隶属度函数对所有的指标进行归一化处理,计算土壤质量指数并评价土壤肥力。
      结果 3个香芋产区土壤均呈酸性;容重为1.17 g·cm−3,质地适宜;阳离子交换量(Cation exchange capacity,CEC)为9.17 cmol·kg−1,处于较低水平;速效P (54.20 mg·kg−1)、有效Cu (2.07 mg·kg−1)、有效Fe (186.33 mg·kg−1)、有效Zn (1.87 mg·kg−1)丰富,有效Mn (4.21 mg·kg−1)、有效B (0.12 mg·kg−1)、有效Mo (0.10 mg·kg−1)缺乏或极缺乏,其他养分含量处于中等及以上水平。3个香芋产区土壤粒级占比、碱解N、交换性Ca及交换性Mg含量差异显著,其他指标差异均不显著。从20个指标中筛选出7个指标构成土壤质量评价的最小数据集,分别为碱解N、砂粒、黏粒、交换性Ca、有效B和有效Fe含量以及CEC。评价结果表明,3个香芋产区的土壤肥力均处于中等水平,其中,碱解N和交换性Ca含量为肥力水平的主要限制因子。
      结论 韶关市典型香芋产区的土壤肥力水平整体处于中等水平,土壤保肥能力较差,有效Mn、B、Mo等微量元素缺乏。因此,在香芋种植时,要注重有机肥以及微量元素肥料的施用,平衡施肥,改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤保肥能力。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To better understand the soil fertility status in typical taro producing areas in Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, and provide suggestions for soil nutrient management in taro producing areas.
      Method The 0−30 cm soil samples were collected from taro rhizosphere in Laojun Village of Guitou Town, Guanpotan Village and Nongzhuang Village of Langtian Town from Shaoguan City, to determine the physical and chemical properties. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis were conducted to select the key indicators that best represent local soil fertility entering into minimum data set. All indicators were normalized using membership functions, and soil quality indices were calculated for soil fertility evaluation.
      Result The soils in three taro producing areas were all acidic with suitable bulk density (1.17 g·cm−3) and texture, but with low cation exchange capacity (CEC, 9.17 cmol·kg−1). The contents of available P (54.20 mg·kg−1), Cu (2.07 mg·kg−1), Fe (186.33 mg·kg−1), Zn (1.87 mg·kg−1) were rich, while the contents of available Mn (4.21 mg·kg−1), B (0.12 mg·kg−1), Mo (0.10 mg·kg−1) were deficient or extremely deficient. The contents of other nutrients were at moderate to above-average levels. Among the three taro producing areas, there were significant differences in the percentage of soil grain size, contents of alkali-hydrolyzed N, exchangeable Ca, and exchangeable Mg, whereas the differences in other indicators were not significant. Seven indicators were selected to build the minimum data set for soil fertility evaluation, including alkali-hydrolyzed N, sand, clay, exchangeable Ca, available B, and available Fe contents as well as CEC. The evaluation results indicated that the soil fertilities of the three taro producing areas were at moderate levels, and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed N and exchangeable Ca were the main limiting factors.
      Conclusion The overall soil fertility level of typical taro producing area in Shaoguan City is moderate, with poor soil nutrient retention capacity and deficiencies in trace elements, such as available Mn, B and Mo. Therefore, it is important to use organic fertilizers and micronutrient fertilizers during taro cultivation. Balanced fertilization shall be practiced to improve soil properties and enhance its nutrient retention capacity.

       

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