具有自适应标定功能的施肥控制系统的设计与试验

万仕军; 何瑞银; 余洪峰; 段庆飞; 徐高明; 孙国峻

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202211013

具有自适应标定功能的施肥控制系统的设计与试验

Design and experiment of fertilization control system with adaptive calibration function

摘要

摘要:
目的针对当前施肥控制系统适应性差、更换肥料种类需重新校准等问题，设计一种具有自适应标定功能的施肥控制系统。
方法将容积密度引入常规标定公式，建立新型排量标定公式并进行试验验证。以肥料种类、排量为试验因素，排肥准确性、变异系数为试验指标，常规施肥控制系统为对照，对使用新型标定公式的自适应施肥控制系统的性能进行试验。
结果新型排量关系公式决定系数为0.996，平均相对误差小于3.63%；使用该公式的自适应控制系统在2000~12000 g/min的目标排量下，球形颗粒肥料排肥速率相对误差最大为5.46%，变异系数小于3.54%。而常规施肥控制系统(使用复合肥进行标定)，复合肥最大相对误差为4.92%，缓混肥最大相对误差为10.92%，过磷酸钙最大相对误差为50.11%。
结论相较于常规施肥控制系统，该自适应施肥控制系统能够适应多种肥料，排量准确，有助于提升施肥机的作业效率和质量。

Abstract:
Objective In view of the poor adaptability of the current fertilizer control system, and the need to recalibrate after changing fertilizer types and other problems, a fertilization control system with adaptive calibration function was designed.
Method The volume density was introduced into the conventional calibration formula and a new calibration formula for various fertilizers was established and verified by experiments. With fertilizer type and displacement as experimental factors, fertilizer discharge accuracy and coefficient of variation as experimental indexes, and conventional fertilizer control system as control, the performance of the adaptive fertilizer control system using the new calibration formula was tested.
Result The determination coefficient of the new displacement relation formula was 0.996, and the average relative error was 3.63%. Under the target displacement of 2000 to 12000 g/min in the adaptive control system using this formula, the maximum error of the discharge rate of spherical granular fertilizer was 5.46%, and the coefficient of variation was less than 3.54%. When using the conventional fertilizer control system (using compound fertilizer for calibration), the maximum relative error was 4.92% for compound fertilizer, 10.92% for slow-release mixed fertilizer and 50.11% for calcium superphosphate fertilizer.
Conclusion Compared with the conventional fertilization control system, the adaptive fertilization control system can adapt to a variety of fertilizers, and the displacement is accurate, which is helpful to improve the working efficiency and quality of the fertilizer applicator.

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