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    凋落物生物炭施用量对翠芦莉污泥适应性及重金属吸收的影响

    Effects of litter biochar addition on sludge adaptability and heavy metal uptake of Ruellia simplex

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 探究凋落物生物炭不同添加量对种植在污泥+土壤混合基质中的翠芦莉Ruellia simplex生长及重金属吸收累积的影响，以期为城市污泥和园林废弃物资源化利用提供参考依据。
      方法 通过盆栽试验，分析添加0、1.5%、3.0%和4.5%凋落物生物炭占基质的质量分数(w)，分别记为CK、F1.5、F3.0和F4.5对翠芦莉生长、根系形态和生理以及养分和重金属吸收累积的影响。
      结果 与CK相比，F1.5处理显著增加翠芦莉株高、根系生物量、地上部生物量及全株生物量。植株生物量随w增加呈逐渐下降趋势，F4.5处理翠芦莉生物量显著低于CK，表现出“低促高抑”的特点。翠芦莉总根长、根表面积、平均直径、根体积在F1.5处理中达到最大，且均随w增加而逐渐减小。各处理中，F1.5处理根系可溶性蛋白和丙二醛(MDA)含量均最低，超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性最大；翠芦莉根系SOD活性随w增加呈下降趋势，但可溶性蛋白和MDA含量的变化趋势相反。与CK相比，各处理均不同程度提高了翠芦莉地上部及根部对N、P、K的吸收，不同程度降低了翠芦莉植株Cd、Cu含量，提高了Pb、Ni含量，N、P、K、Cd、Cu、Pb累积量均随w增加呈下降趋势；F1.5处理的翠芦莉植株N、P、K、Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni累积量均显著大于CK。
      结论 添加w为1.5%的凋落物生物炭可以显著促进翠芦莉生长和Pb、Cu、Cd、Ni的吸收累积，过量添加会抑制植物生长并影响其对基质中重金属的吸收效果，在实际应用中应合理控制生物炭的施用量。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To explore the effects of different addition amounts of litter biochar on growth, heavy metal absorption and accumulation of Ruellia simplex planted in the sludge + soil mixed matrix, and provide a reference for the resource utilization of municipal sludge and garden waste.
      Method A pot experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of adding 0 (CK), 1.5% (F1.5), 3.0% (F3.0) and 4.5% (F4.5) of litter biochar on growth, root morphology, physiology, nutrient and heavy metal uptake and accumulation of Ruellia simplex.
      Result Compared with CK, F1.5 significantly increased plant height, root biomass, shoot biomass and whole plant biomass. The plant biomass decreased gradually with the increase of biochar addition. The biomass of F4.5 was significantly lower than that of CK, showing the characteristic of “low promotion and high inhibition”. Total root length, root surface area, average diameter and root volume of Ruellia simplex reached the maximum in F1.5 treatment, and all of them gradually decreased with the increase of biochar addition. Among all treatments, the contents of soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) in roots of F1.5 were the lowest, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was the highest. The SOD activity of roots showed a downward trend with the increase of biochar addition, while the change trends of soluble protein and MDA contents were opposite. Compared with CK, all treatments increased the uptakes of N, P and K of R. simplex shoots and roots to different degrees, reduced the contents of Cd and Cu in R. simplex plant to different degrees, and increased the contents of Pb and Ni. The accumulative amounts of N, P, K, Cd, Cu, and Pb in R. simplex plant showed a downward trend with the increase of biochar addition, and the accumulative amounts of N, P, K, Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni of F1.5 were significantly higher than those of CK.
      Conclusion The addition of 1.5% litter biochar significantly promoted R. simplex growth, absorption and accumulation of Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni, but excessive addition would inhibit plant growth and affect the repair effect of substrate. Therefore, the applied amount of biochar should be controlled reasonably in the practical application process.

       

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