纳米氧化锌缓解大豆铝胁迫生理机制

刘灵锐; 曾梓健; 年海; 连腾祥

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202205059

摘要:

目的探究在铝(Al)胁迫下不同含量的纳米氧化锌(Zinc oxide nanoparticles，ZnO NPs)对大豆Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.生理特性的影响，为金属纳米材料在农业上的应用提供一定参考。

方法采用盆栽试验，选择耐Al品种‘华春2号’和普通品种‘华春6号’，在0.3 g/kg Al胁迫处理下，施加不同剂量的ZnO NPs(0、25、50、100和150 mg/kg)，探究ZnO NPs对大豆生理指标(鲜质量、根长和叶绿素含量)、总超氧化物歧化酶(Total superoxide dismutase，T-SOD)活性和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde，MDA)浓度的影响。

结果 Al胁迫显著降低了‘华春6号’的鲜质量和根长，显著增加了其MDA浓度。对于‘华春2号’，Al胁迫显著增加了其叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量，而对其他指标无明显影响。无Al胁迫条件下施用ZnO NPs，均提高了‘华春6号’和‘华春2号’的鲜质量、根长和T-SOD活性。而在Al胁迫下施加不同剂量的ZnO NPs使‘华春6号’的鲜质量和根长分别增加13.2%~100.4%和7.8%~35.8%，而‘华春2号’的鲜质量在150 mg/kg ZnO NPs处理下达到最高值。在25 mg/kg ZnO NPs处理下，‘华春6号’和‘华春2号’的叶绿素a含量均达到最高值。不同含量的ZnO NPs对‘华春6号’的叶绿素b含量无显著影响，而显著降低了‘华春2号’的叶绿素b含量，在100 mg/kg ZnO NPs下达到最低值(3.5 mg/g)。‘华春6号’的T-SOD活性随ZnO NPs含量的增加而增加，‘华春2号’的T-SOD活性在50 mg/kg ZnO NPs时达到峰值(820 U/g)，之后随ZnO NPs含量的增加出现下降的趋势。‘华春6号’和‘华春2号’的MDA浓度最小值分别出现在25和50 mg/kg ZnO NPs处理。

结论 Al胁迫严重影响大豆的生长发育，施用ZnO NPs可以在一定程度上缓解Al胁迫对大豆植株产生的负面作用，改善植株的生长发育。

Abstract:

Objective This study evaluated the effects of different zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) contents on the growth and physiological characteristics of Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. under aluminum (Al) stress, aiming to provide some reference for the application of metal nanomaterials in agriculture.

Method In a pot experiment, Al resistant cultivar ‘Huachun 2’ and Al sensitive cultivar ‘Huachun 6’ were selected and treated with ZnO NPs in various dosages of (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) under 0.3 g/kg Al stress conditions, to investigate the effects of ZnO NPs on soybean physiological indicators (fresh weight, root length and chlorophyll content), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration.

Result Al stress significantly reduced the fresh weight and root length of ‘Huachun 6’, and increased its MDA concentration. For ‘Huachun 2’, a significant increase in its chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content was observed, while there was no significant effect on other indicators. Application of ZnO NPs under no Al stress conditions increased the fresh weight, root length and SOD activity of both ‘Huachun 6’ and ‘Huachun 2’. When ZnO NPs were applied at various dosages under Al stress, ‘Huachun 6’ gained 13.2%−100.4% in fresh weight and 7.8%−35.8% in root length, respectively, while ‘Huachun 2’ reached its highest fresh weight at 150 mg/kg ZnO NPs. The chlorophyll a content of both ‘Huachun 6’ and ‘Huachun 2’ reached the highest value under 25 mg/kg ZnO NPs treatment under Al stress. Different levels of ZnO NPs had no significant effect on the chlorophyll b content of ‘Huachun 6’ and significantly reduced the chlorophyll b content of ‘Huachun 2’, reaching the lowest value (3.5 mg/g) at 100 mg/kg ZnO NPs. As ZnO NPs content increased, the T-SOD activity of ‘Huachun 6’ increased, and that of ‘Huachun 2’ reached the peak (820 U/g) at 50 mg/kg ZnO NPs, and then showed a decreasing trend. The minimum MDA concentration of ‘Huachun 6’ and ‘Huachun 2’ occurred at 25 and 50 mg/kg of ZnO NPs treatment, respectively.

Conclusion Al stress severely affects the growth and development of soybean, while the application of ZnO NPs, to some extent, can alleviate the negative effects of Al stress on soybean, and improve the growth and development of the plants.

纳米氧化锌缓解大豆铝胁迫生理机制

Physiological mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles alleviating aluminum stress in soybean