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    云南油茶炭疽病菌的鉴定及生防菌筛选

    Identification of Camellia oleifera anthrax pathogens in Yunnan Province and screening of antagonistic bacteria

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的  明确云南省德宏州、文山州和保山市油茶炭疽病菌的种类，筛选具有良好拮抗效果的生防菌。
      方法  本研究于2019和2020年7—9月进行了病害调查，收集病叶标本，采用组织分离法分离病原菌，通过柯赫氏法则验证其致病性，联合形态学与多位点序列分析鉴定病原菌种类。同时从健康油茶叶片内分离筛选内生拮抗菌，并通过平板对峙法验证抑菌作用。
      结果  云南省德宏州地区油茶炭疽病发生较严重，平均发病率为56.18%，病情指数为53.11，云南省油茶炭疽病菌种类主要有5种，分别是胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、卡哈瓦炭疽菌C. kahawae、喀斯特炭疽菌C. karstii、松针刺盘孢C. fioriniae和暹罗刺盘孢C. siamense。其中，胶孢炭疽菌是优势病原菌，菌株 CA17(暹罗刺盘孢)在活体油茶叶片上的致病性最强。平板对峙培养结果表明，采自德宏州健康油茶叶片的内生菌Streptomyces fulvissimus和Bacillus mojavensis对菌株CA17具有较好的拮抗作用，抑菌率分别达到37%和42%。
      结论  本研究可为油茶炭疽病的诊断与绿色防控提供理论依据。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective  In order to identify the species of pathogens of Camellia oleifera anthrax in Dehong Prefecture, Wenshan Prefecture and Baoshan City of Yunnan Province, and screen their biocontrol bacterium.
      Method  Surveys of infected diseases were conducted from July to September in 2019 and 2020. Diseased leaf samples were collected. The pathogens were isolated by tissue isolation method, pathogenicity was verified by Koch’s Postulation, and the pathogens were identified by morphology and multilocus sequence analysis. Meanwhile, endophytic bacteria were isolated and screened from the leaves of healthy C. oleifera, and the antibacterial effect was verified by plate confrontation method.
      Result  C. oleifera anthrax occurred seriously in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province, with an average incidence rate of 56.18% and a disease index of 53.11. Five major strains were identified from Yunan Province including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,C. kahawae, C. karstii, C. fiorniae and C. siamense. Among them, C. gloeosporioides was the dominant pathogen, and strain CA17 (C. siamense) had the strongest pathogenicity on living leaves of C. oleifera. The results of plate confrontation method indicated that Streptomyces fulvissimus and Bacillus mojavensis isolated from healthy C. oleifera in Dehong had good antagonistic effect on CA17, and the inhibition rates were 37% and 42% respectively.
      Result  This study provides a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and green control of Camellia anthrax.

       

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