Abstract: Excessive consumption of global fossil resource and growing problem of environmental pollution have seriously hindered the development of petroleum-based synthetic polymer materials. Using renewable vegetable oil as raw material and combining with efficient green ultraviolet (UV) curable technology, the“Dual-Green”system of vegetable oil-based UV curable materials was constructed, which was expected to replace effectively petroleum-based synthetic polymer materials and promote the high-value development of vegetable oil in the UV-curable field. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of vegetable oil-based UV curable materials in recent years, briefly introduced the relationship between the structure of vegetable oil and UV curable technology, focused on the research status of representative vegetable oil-based UV curable materials such as soybean oil, Tung oil, castor oil, linseed oil, and so on. The factors affecting the further development of vegetable oil-based UV curable materials were analyzed, and the application prospects were put forward for these materials in the future.