组合型孔排种器护种机构的优化设计与试验

张明华; 肖明; 欧阳令; 蒋恩臣; 乔君; 王在满; 刘顺财; 许鹏; 罗锡文

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202106022

组合型孔排种器护种机构的优化设计与试验

Optimization design and test of seed protecting structure of combined type-hole metering device

摘要

摘要:
目的解决水稻精量穴直播机组合型孔排种器在实际应用过程中护种带容易跑偏、打滑，导致护种带磨损严重、伤种率偏高的问题。

方法对护种机构同步原理进行分析，优化设计了轴套结构(A)和护种带硬度(B)。以水稻品种‘培杂泰丰’和 ‘秀水134’ 种子为试验材料，设计了以不同轴套结构尼龙轴套结构(A₁)和滚针轴承&铜套结构(A₂)和不同护种带硬度40(B₁)、45(B₂)、50(B₃)、55(B₄)和60 HA(B₅)为变量的双因素试验。

结果 A和B对水稻种子伤种率影响极显著(P<0.01)，且A与B之间存在显著交互作用(P < 0.05)；A ₂B₂和A₂B₃对伤种率影响最小；A₁与A₂之间差异极显著，且A₂组的伤种率明显小于A₁组，说明A₂优于A₁；B₂与B₃差异不显著，但与其他试验组差异显著。A对穴径影响显著，B对穴径无显著影响，且A₂B₂、A₂B₃和A₂B₄对穴径影响较小；A₁、A₂对穴径的影响差异极显著，且A₂明显优于A₁。工作100 h后，试验组A₂B₃、A₂B₄和A₂B₅的护种带磨损量较小；试验组A₂B₃最优，其护种带磨损体积为72.6×10⁻³ mm³，伤种率为0.04%，成穴性最好、播种效果最佳。

结论优化设计的滚针轴承&铜套的轴套结构合理，可以显著减小轴套与转轴之间的摩擦系数，且更耐高温、更耐磨；有效地提高了护种带的同步性，显著地提升了排种器的可靠性和播种质量。

Abstract:
Objective In order to solve the problems that the seed guard belt is easy to deviate and slip in application of the combined type-hole metering device of rice precision hole seeder, which leads to serious wear of the seed guard belt and high rate of seed damage.

Method The synchronization principle of seed protection mechanism was analyzed, and the shaft sleeve structure(A) and the hardness of seed guard belt(B) were optimized. A two-factor experiment with different bushing structures (A₁ as nylon bushing structure, A₂ as needle bearing & copper bushing structure) and hardness of seed guard belt (B ₁, B₂, B₃, B₄ and B₅ represented the hardness of 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 HA, respectively) was designed using rice variety ‘Peizataifeng’ and ‘Xiushui134’ seeds as test materials.

Result The experimental groups of A and B had the highly significant effect on the damage rate of rice seeds (P < 0.01), and there was a significant interaction between A and B ( P < 0.05). A ₂B₂ and A₂B₃ had the least effect on seed damage rate. There was a highly significant difference between A₁ and A₂, and seed damage rate of A₂ was significantly lower than that of A₁, indicating that A₂ was better than A₁. There was no significant difference between B₂ and B₃, but B₂ and B₃ had significant difference with other groups. The experimental group A had a significant effect on hill diameter, B had no significant effect on hill diameter, and the groups of A₂B₂, A₂B₃ and A₂B₄ had the less effect on hill diameter. There was a significant difference between A₁ and A₂, and A₂ was significantly better than A₁.The results of test showed that the wear of seed guard belt of A₂B₃, A₂B₄ and A₂B₅ were less after working for 100 hour. The grouo A₂B₃ was the optimal with the wearing volume of 72.6×10⁻³ mm³ and seed injury rate of 0.04%, and the hole forming ability and sowing effect were both the best.

Conclusion The optimized design of needle bearing & copper bushing shaft sleeve structure is reasonable. It can significantly reduce the friction coefficient between sleeve and shaft, is more resistant to high temperature and wear resistance, effectively improves the synchronization of seed guard belt, and significantly improves the reliability and sowing quality of seed platter.

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