痂状炭角菌鉴定、培养条件优化及发酵产物活性分析

王丽芳; 毛炯炳; 彭耀; 董育德; 郝艳佳; 毛伟光; 党向利

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202104012

痂状炭角菌鉴定、培养条件优化及发酵产物活性分析

Identification, optimization of culture conditions and activity analysis of fermentation products of Xylaria escharoidea

摘要

摘要:
目的炭角菌属具有珍贵的药用价值和较高的经济价值。本研究对采自白蚁废弃巢穴上的炭角菌菌株进行鉴定，对其液体发酵和固体培养条件进行优化，并对液体发酵产物抗菌、抗氧化活性进行测定，以期为痂状炭角菌的开发利用提供参考。

方法通过形态观察及ITS序列测序对炭角菌进行鉴定；探讨液体发酵中添加不同碳源、氮源和金属离子对痂状炭角菌菌丝体生长的影响；分析固体培养基中添加氨基酸对无性子座生长的影响；利用平板抑菌法和DPPH法对液体发酵产物抗菌和抗氧化活性进行测定。

结果采集菌株经形态鉴定和分子鉴定，为痂状炭角菌。液体发酵最佳碳源为可溶性淀粉，最佳氮源为蚕蛹粉，最佳无机盐为MgSO₄。正交试验筛选的最佳液体培养基组成为可溶性淀粉4%(w)+蚕蛹粉0.6%(w)+MgSO₄0.06%(w)。固体培养基中添加缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和苏氨酸均能显著促进无性子座的生长。液体发酵产物抗菌效果显著优于山梨酸钾，对DPPH的抗氧化活性为(75.19±2.08)%，显著优于维生素E。

结论优化的液体发酵和固体培养条件可以显著提高痂状炭角菌菌丝体产量，促进无性子座生长。痂状炭角菌发酵产物具有较好的抗菌和抗氧化作用，具有较高的开发利用价值。

Abstract:
Objective Xylaria has valuable medicinal value and high economic value. Xylaria species collected from abandoned nest of termites were identified, and its liquid fermentation and solid culture conditions were optimized. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of liquid fermentation product were determined. The study aimed at providing reference for exploitation and application of Xylaria escharoidea.

Method The morphology observation and ITS sequencing were used to identify Xylaria species. The effects of adding different carbon sources, nitrogen sources and metal ions in liquid fermentation on mycelial growth were investigated. The effects of adding amino acids in solid medium on stromata growth were also analyzed. Furthermore, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of liquid fermentation product were determined through plate bacteriostatic method and DPPH method.

Result The collected strains were identified as X. escharoidea based on morphology and molecular data. The optimum carbon source in liquid fermentation was soluble starch, the optimum nitrogen source was silkworm pupa powder, and the optimum inorganic salt was MgSO₄. The optimum liquid medium component screened by orthogonal test was soluble starch 4% (w), silkworm pupa powder 0.6% (w) and MgSO₄ 0.06% (w). All valine, isoleucine and threonine could significantly promote the growth of stromata in solid medium. The antibacterial effect of liquid fermentation product was significantly better than that of potassium sorbate, and the antioxidant activity to DPPH was (75.19±2.08)%, significantly superior than that of vitamin E.

Conclusion The optimized liquid fermentation and solid culture conditions can increase mycelial yield and promote stromata growth. The liquid fermentation product of X. escharoidea has excellent antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and possesses high exploitation and utilization value.

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