3种壳类生物质炭对南方红壤理化性质的动态影响

    Dynamic effects of three kinds of shell biochars on physicochemical properties of red soil in South China

    • 摘要:
      目的  探究3种壳类生物质炭对南方红壤理化性质的动态影响,以期为南方红壤改良奠定理论基础。
      方法  利用慢速热解法制备3种壳类生物质炭并对其进行表征,通过室内试验,研究添加3种壳类生物质炭对土壤有机质含量、容重、pH以及速效钾含量的动态影响。
      结果  在1~90 d处理期内,松子壳炭、稻壳炭和油茶壳炭的施加均显著提高了土壤有机质和速效钾含量。在30~90 d内,施加5%(w)松子壳炭使有机质含量较对照(CK)组上升了258.94%~284.92%,施加5%(w)稻壳炭使速效钾含量较CK组上升了429.98%~716.58%;1~90 d处理期内,施加5%(w)稻壳炭降低了土壤容重,在30~90 d内,施加5%(w)稻壳炭使土壤容重较CK组下降了9.72%~15.38%;在1~90 d处理期内,施加油茶壳炭显著提高了土壤pH,在30~90 d内,施加5%(w)油茶壳炭使土壤pH较CK组增加了16.91%~29.53%。另外,不同施加量的松子壳炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究结果表明,在1~90 d处理期内,施加8%(w)松子壳炭能较稳定地提高土壤的有机质含量、pH和速效钾含量,降低土壤容重。
      结论  不同壳类生物质炭能改良红壤特性、提高红壤有机质含量和速效钾含量,施加松子壳炭对提高红壤有机质的效果更显著,施加稻壳炭对降低红壤容重和提高速效钾含量的效果更显著,施加油茶壳炭对提高红壤pH的效果更显著。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective  This study was to explore the dynamic effects of three kinds of shell biochars on the physical and chemical properties of red soil in southern China, and provide a theoretical basis for improvement of red soil in southern China.
      Method  Three kinds of shell biochars were prepared by slow pyrolysis method and characterized. The dynamic effects of adding three kinds of shell biochars on soil organic matter content, bulk density, pH and available potassium were studied through indoor experiment.
      Result  During the treatment period of 1–90 d, the application of pine nut shell biochar, rice husk biochar and camellia oleifera shell biochar significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter and available potassium. Compared with CK group, within 30–90 d, the content of organic matter increased by 258.94%–284.92% in 5% (w) pine husk biochar application treatment, and the content of available potassium increased by 429.98%–716.58% in 5% (w) rice husk biochar application treatment. During 1–90 d, the application of rice husk biochar decreased the bulk density of red soil, and within 30–90 d, the application of 5% (w) rice husk biochar decreased the bulk density of red soil by 9.72% –15.38% compared with CK group. During 1–90 d, the application of camellia shell biochar significantly increased soil pH , and within 30–90 d, the application of 5% (w) camellia shell biochar increased soil pH by 16.91%–29.53% compared with CK group. In addition, the effects of different application amounts of pine nut shell biochar on soil physical and chemical properties showed that the application of 8% (w) pine nut shell biochar could steadily increase soil organic matter content, pH and available potassium content, as well as decrease soil bulk density during the treatment period of 1–90 d.
      Conclusion  Different shell-based biochar can all improve soil characteristics, increase soil organic matter and soil available potassium contents. The application of pine nut shell biochar may have a more significant effect on improving soil organic matter content, and the application of rice hull biochar may have a more significant effect on reducing soil bulk density and increasing available potassium content, and the application of camellia oleifera shell biochar may have a more significant effect on increasing soil pH.

       

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