植保无人飞机对4种棉花喷施脱叶催熟剂的效果研究

蒙艳华; 王美美; 胡红岩; 梁自静; 兰玉彬

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202009007

植保无人飞机对4种棉花喷施脱叶催熟剂的效果研究

Effectiveness of spraying defoliation and ripening agent on four cotton cultivars using unmanned aerial vehicle

摘要

摘要:
目的研究棉花收获前植保无人飞机喷施脱叶催熟剂的效果。

方法使用植保无人飞机以22.5 L·hm⁻²的施药液量喷施采收前30 d的棉花‘金棉18#’、‘北泉9#’、‘植金13#’和‘合信47#’，以人工机械喷雾(施药液量450 L·hm⁻²)为对照，测试4种棉花冠层中的雾滴覆盖率；于药后4、7、14和21 d分别进行脱叶和吐絮效果调查，计算不同棉花品种的脱叶率和吐絮率；检测4种棉花的纤维品质和产量构成因子(铃质量、衣分)。

结果雾滴覆盖率在4种棉花品种中均呈现出上部冠层显著高于中下部冠层的规律，且植株越高，中下部冠层的雾滴覆盖率越低；除‘合信47#’人工喷雾处理的吐絮率没有达到机采棉采收标准外，其余处理的脱叶率和吐絮率均达到了机采棉的采收标准；4种棉花品种的纤维品质和产量构成因子(铃质量、衣分)均不受施药器械的影响。

结论植保无人飞机可作为棉花采收前喷施脱叶催熟剂的施药器械。

Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the effects of spraying defoliation and ripening agent on cotton before harvest using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

Method Four cotton cultivars including ‘Jinmian 18#’, ‘Beiquan 9#’, ‘Zhijin 13#’ and ‘Hexin 47#’ were sprayed defoliation and ripening agent with the spraying volume of 22.5 L·hm⁻² at 30 days before harvest by UAV. Aritificial spraying with an electric backpack sprayer was used as cantrol at the the spraying volume of 450 L·hm⁻². Droplet coverage rates in the canopies of four cotton cultivars were tested. The defoliation rates and boll opening rates were investigated at the 4th, 7th, 14th and 21st days after the application. The fiber qualities and yield components (boll weight and lint percentage) of four cotton cultivars were detected.

Result The droplet coverage rates of four cotton cultivars showed a rule that coverage of the upper canopy was significantly higher than that of the middle and lower parts of the canopy. The higher the plant height was, the lower the droplet coverage rate of the middle and lower canopy was. Except for the boll opening rate of artificial spraying treatment on ‘Hexin 47#’, the defoliation rates and boll opening rates of other treatments met the requirements of machinary harvesting. The fiber quality and yield components (boll weight and lint percentage) of four cotton cultivars were not affected by the type of sprayers.

Conclusion The UAV can be applied to spray defoliation and ripening agent before cotton harvest.

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