Correlations of polysaccharide and flavonoid contents in Prunella vulgaris L. with main environmental factors and high-quality provenance screen
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摘要:目的
探明不同地理种源野生夏枯草Prunella vulgaris L.的品质差异，揭示影响夏枯草药用成分含量的主要环境因子，为合理开发和有效保护夏枯草种质资源提供理论支撑。
方法以10个分布在全国不同地理区域的夏枯草地理种源为研究对象，比较分析不同地理种源夏枯草多糖和黄酮的含量差异，并利用Pearson相关分析研究多糖和黄酮含量与环境因子之间的关系，利用聚类分析和隶属函数评价法筛选高品质地理种源。
结果不同地理种源夏枯草多糖和黄酮含量差异显著，多糖质量分数为70.45~120.39 mg·g−1，黄酮质量分数为34.40~59.04 mg·g−1，其中湖北宜昌种源多糖含量最高，广西桂林种源黄酮含量最高，质量分数分别达到120.39和59.04 mg·g−1。夏枯草中的多糖含量与黄酮含量呈极显著负相关。影响夏枯草多糖含量的主要环境因子是经纬度和海拔，影响黄酮含量的主要环境因子是经度、海拔、年平均气温、年日照时长和年降水量。聚类分析将10个地理种源分为3类。广西桂林种源平均隶属函数值最大，综合品质最优。
结论不同地理种源夏枯草药用成分含量差异显著，不同环境因子对主要药用成分影响程度不同，筛选出的品质较佳地理种源及不同地理种源排名可为夏枯草种质资源选育和开发利用提供依据。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the quality differences of wild Prunella vulgaris L. from different geographical provenances, reveal the main environmental factors that affect the medicinal ingredient contents of P. vulgaris, and provide a theoretical support for the rational development and effective protection of P. vulgaris germplasm resources.
MethodTaking ten geographical provenances of P. vulgaris distributed in different regions as the research object, the differences of polysaccharide and flavonoid contents were compared and analyzed, and the correlations of polysaccharide and flavonoid contents with environmental factors were studied by Pearson correlation analysis. The cluster analysis and membership function evaluation method were used to select high-quality geographical provenance.
ResultThe polysaccharide and flavonoid contents of P. vulgaris from different geographical provenances were significantly different. The polysaccharide content ranged from 70.45 to 120.39 mg·g−1, and the flavonoid content ranged from 34.40 to 59.04 mg·g−1. The polysaccharide content of the provenance in Yichang of Hubei and the flavonoid content of the provenance in Guilin of Guangxi were the highest, with the content reaching 120.39 and 59.04 mg·g−1, respectively. The polysaccharide content in P. vulgaris showed a highly significant negative correlation with the flavonoid content. The main environmental factors affecting the polysaccharide content of P. vulgaris were latitude, longitude and altitude; And the main environmental factors affecting the flavonoid content were longitude, altitude, annual average air temperature, annual sunshine hour and annual precipitation. The clustering results divided the ten geographical provenances into three categories. The provenance in Guilin of Guangxi had the largest average membership function value and the best comprehensive quality among all the provenances.
ConclusionThere were significant differences in the contents of medicinal ingredients in P. vulgaris from different geographical provenances. Different environmental factors have inconsistent effects on the major medicinal ingredients. The better-quality geographical provenances and ranking of different geographical provenances can provide a basis for the selection, development and utilization of P. vulgaris germplasm resources.
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表 1 夏枯草10个野生种源采样点地理位置及主要气候因子
Table 1 Geographical location and main climatic factors of ten wild population sampling points of Prunella vulgaris
种源
Provenance经度
Longitude纬度
Latitude海拔/m
Altitude年平均气温/℃
Annual mean
air temperature年日照时长/h
Annual sunshine
hour年降水量/mm
Annual
precipitation江苏宜兴 Yixing, Jiangsu E119°48′37″ N31°20′48″ 18 16.7 1 807.5 1 805.4 浙江丽水 Lishui, Zhejiang E119°04′21″ N28°38′57″ 450 17.8 1 676.6 1 568.4 安徽黄山 Huangshan, Anhui E118°18′12″ N29°42′09″ 759 15.5 1 750.3 1 670.1 江西分宜 Fenyi, Jiangxi E114°36′45″ N27°39′50″ 250 17.2 1 535.3 1 643.6 湖南衡阳 Hengyang, Hunan E112°36′20″ N26°56′12″ 613 18.2 1 688.9 1 510.8 湖北宜昌 Yichang, Hubei E111°33′42″ N30°44′18″ 533 16.9 1 710.5 1 215.6 广东清远 Qingyuan, Guangdong E112°20′11″ N25°10′10″ 648 18.0 2 290.0 1 329.0 广西桂林 Guilin, Guangxi E110°35′28″ N25°26′32″ 309 18.9 1 670.0 1 949.5 福建三明 Sanming, Fujian E117°29′18″ N26°33′24″ 548 18.2 1 727.1 1 688.0 福建宁化 Ninghua, Fujian E116°31′49″ N25°59′47″ 527 16.5 1 757.0 1 750.0 
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表 2 不同地理种源夏枯草多糖和黄酮含量1)
Table 2 Polysaccharide and flavonoid contents in Prunella vulgaris from different geographical provenances
w/(mg·g−1) 种源
Provenance多糖
Polysaccharide黄酮
Flavonoid种源
Provenance多糖
Polysaccharide黄酮
Flavonoid江苏宜兴 Yixing, Jiangsu 113.00±12.79e 53.72±2.08f 湖北宜昌 Yichang, Hubei 120.39±6.36f 36.84±1.92b 浙江丽水 Lishui, Zhejiang 70.45±4.85a 56.03±1.62g 广东清远 Qingyuan, Guangdong 98.75±3.35c 34.40±2.12a 安徽黄山 Huangshan, Anhui 97.63±6.85c 50.44±1.18e 广西桂林 Guilin, Guangxi 105.47±6.43d 59.04±1.83h 江西分宜 Fenyi, Jiangxi 116.33±6.44ef 47.66±1.30d 福建三明 Sanming, Fujian 96.52±3.54bc 46.79±1.88d 湖南衡阳 Hengyang, Hunan 106.44±3.83d 55.90±1.39g 福建宁化 Ninghua, Fujian 91.95±3.82b 42.92±2.25c 1) 相同指标数据后的不同小写字母表示不同种源间差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) Different lowercase letters after the data of the same index represent significant differences among different geographical provenances (P<0.05, Duncan’s method)
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表 3 夏枯草多糖和黄酮含量与环境因子的相关性1)
Table 3 Correlation of the contents of Prunella vulgaris polysaccharide and flavonoid with environmental factors
成分
Ingredient项目
Project经度
Longitude纬度
Latitude海拔
Altitude年平均气温
Annual mean
air temperature年日照时长
Annual sunshine
hour年降水量
Annual
precipitation多糖 Polysaccharide r −0.427** 0.247** −0.295** −0.088 −0.109 −0.121 P 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.285 0.186 0.141 黄酮 Flavonoid r 0.246** 0.074 −0.365** 0.239** −0.557** 0.674** P 0.002 0.366 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 总和 Total 0.673 0.321 0.660 0.327 0.666 0.793 1) “**”表示在0.01水平显著相关(Pearson相关)
1) “**” indicates significant correlation at 0.01 level (Pearson correlation)
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表 4 不同种源夏枯草品质的隶属函数评价
Table 4 Evaluation of membership functions of Prunella vulgaris from different provenances
种源
Provenance多糖含量隶属函数值
Polysaccharide content
membership function value黄酮含量隶属函数值
Flavonoid content
membership function value平均隶属函数值
Average membership
function value平均隶属函数值排序
Average membership
function value ranking广西桂林 Guilin, Guangxi 0.701 2 1.000 0 0.850 6 1 江苏宜兴 Yixing, Jiangsu 0.852 0 0.784 1 0.818 1 2 湖南衡阳 Hengyang, Hunan 0.720 7 0.872 6 0.796 7 3 江西分宜 Fenyi, Jiangxi 0.918 7 0.538 1 0.728 4 4 安徽黄山 Huangshan, Anhui 0.544 3 0.651 0 0.597 7 5 湖北宜昌 Yichang, Hubei 1.000 0 0.099 0 0.549 5 6 福建三明 Sanming, Fujian 0.522 0 0.502 8 0.512 4 7 浙江丽水 Lishui, Zhejiang 0 0.877 8 0.438 9 8 福建宁化 Ninghua, Fujian 0.430 5 0.345 8 0.388 2 9 广东清远 Qingyuan, Guangdong 0.566 7 0 0.283 3 10
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