接种丛枝菌根真菌对不同类型盐碱胁迫下向日葵生长及盐离子积累的影响

贾冰冰; 周昕南; 丁胜利; 史中奇; 郝利君; 许静; 郭伟

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202006044

接种丛枝菌根真菌对不同类型盐碱胁迫下向日葵生长及盐离子积累的影响

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on growth and salt ion accumulation of sunflower under different saline-alkali stresses

摘要

摘要:
目的探讨接种丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal, AM)真菌对不同类型盐碱胁迫下向日葵生长和盐分离子积累的影响，为不同类型盐碱地的利用与生物修复提供基础数据和技术支持。

方法采用温室盆栽的方式，研究接种AM真菌摩西斗管囊霉Funneliformis mosseae处理对不同类型盐碱胁迫(CK、NaCl、NaCl+Na₂SO₄、NaCl+NaHCO₃)下向日葵Helianthus annuus菌根侵染率、生物量、营养元素吸收、C∶N∶P化学计量比、Na⁺吸收积累、光合作用以及细胞膜透性的影响。

结果 3种类型盐碱胁迫使得接种AM真菌F. mosseae向日葵菌根侵染率降低29.53%~47.31%。3种类型盐碱胁迫处理均在一定程度上抑制了向日葵的生长，抑制效果的顺序为NaCl+Na₂SO₄＞NaCl+NaHCO₃＞NaCl。接种AM真菌使得NaCl、NaCl+Na₂SO₄、NaCl+NaHCO₃盐碱胁迫下向日葵的总干质量分别增加了19.58%、42.15%和60.35%。接种AM真菌使CK、NaCl和NaCl+NaHCO₃处理茎叶P质量分数分别增加了82.50%、71.11%和74.47%，使CK和NaCl+NaHCO₃处理根系P质量分数分别增加了61.54%和88.37%；使CK和NaCl+NaHCO₃处理茎叶和根系C∶P和N∶P显著降低，使NaCl处理茎叶C∶P和N∶P显著降低。接种AM真菌使NaCl+NaHCO₃处理茎叶和根系Na⁺积累量增加了33.76%和82.25%，使NaCl+Na₂SO₄处理根系Na⁺积累量增加了74.20%。接种AM真菌使NaCl和NaCl+NaHCO₃处理叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)增加了11.67%和10.12%，使NaCl+NaHCO₃处理叶片气孔导度(Gs)增加了20.00%，使3种类型盐碱胁迫处理下叶片的净光合速率(Pn)均呈增加的趋势；使NaCl+NaHCO₃处理叶片细胞膜透性降低了51.49%。

结论 AM真菌可在一定程度上缓解盐碱胁迫处理对向日葵生长的毒害作用，但接种效应在不同类型盐碱胁迫间存在显著差异。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) growth and salt ion accumulation under different types of saline-alkali stress, and provide basic data and technical support for the utilization and bioremediation of different types of saline-alkali land.

Method A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of AM fungi Funneliformis mosseae on mycorrhizal colonization rate, biomass, nutrient uptake, C∶N∶P stoichiometry, Na⁺ absorption, photosynthesis and membrane permeability of sunflower under different types of salt-alkali stress (CK, NaCl, NaCl+Na₂SO₄, NaCl+NaHCO₃).

Result Three types of saline-alkali stress decreased the mycorrhizal infection rate of sunflower inoculated with F. mosseae by 29.53% to 47.31%. Three types of saline-alkali stress all inhibited the growth of sunflower to a certain extent, and the order of the inhibition effect was NaCl+Na₂SO₄＞NaCl+NaHCO₃＞NaCl. Inoculation with AM fungi increased the total dry weight of sunflower under salt-alkali stresses of NaCl, NaCl+Na₂SO₄ and NaCl+NaHCO₃ by 19.58%, 42.15% and 60.35% respectively. Inoculation of AM fungi increased the shoot P contents of CK, NaCl and NaCl+NaHCO₃ treatments by 82.50%, 71.11% and 74.47% respectively, and increased the root P contents of CK and NaCl+NaHCO₃ treatments by 61.54% and 88.37% respectively. Inoculation of AM fungi significantly decreased the C∶P and N∶P in shoots and roots of CK and NaCl+NaHCO₃ treatments and the C∶P and N∶P in shoots of NaCl treatment. The shoot and root Na⁺ accumulations of NaCl+NaHCO₃ treatment increased by 33.76% and 82.25% with AM fungi inoculation respectively, and the root Na⁺ accumulation of NaCl+Na₂SO₄ treatment increased by 74.20%. Inoculation of AM fungi increased transpiration rates (Tr) of NaCl and NaCl+NaHCO₃ treatments by 11.67% and 10.12% respectively, and increased stomatal conductance (Gs) of NaCl+NaHCO₃ treatment by 20.00%. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in shoots under three types of salt-alkali stress showed an increasing trend. The membrane permeability of NaCl+NaHCO₃ significantly decreased by 51.49% with AM fungi inoculation.

Conclusion AM fungi can alleviate the toxic effect of saline-alkali stress on sunflower growth to a certain extent, but its inoculation effect is significantly different among different types of saline-alkali stress.

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