Response of droplet diameter of agricultural spray nozzle to liquid viscosity
-
摘要:目的
研究农药不同黏度对喷头雾化特性的影响，为农业喷雾施药技术提供理论参考。
方法配制不同质量分数的甘油溶液替代农药试剂进行研究，将喷头喷雾区域网格化，使用粒子动态分析仪测量喷雾区域不同位置处的雾滴参数，利用SPSS分析轴心方向和径向雾滴粒径的分布规律。
结果在喷头喷雾区域轴心方向上，雾滴算术平均直径、雾滴体积平均直径及雾滴索尔特平均直径呈现出先变小然后逐渐变大的规律，外界空气阻力的扰动作用使喷射出的液体表面形成一定模式的表面波，随着距离增大波幅变大，波峰被撕裂下来，破碎成小雾滴，而后在重力的作用下雾滴间发生碰撞聚合，雾滴粒径逐渐变大；喷头喷雾区域径向上，雾滴近似于对称分布，雾滴粒径呈现出中间小两边大的特点，随着径向距离增大雾滴粒径逐渐增大；通过SPSS分析得出，轴心方向上，轴心距离、液体黏度与雾滴粒径的相关系数分别为0.531、0.795；在喷雾区域径向上，径向距离、液体黏度与雾滴粒径的相关系数分别为0.932、0.328。
结论在一定程度上，黏度较大的液体具有一定的防止漂移效果；液体黏度改变对轴心方向上雾滴粒径影响效果显著；在喷头径向上，距离的改变对雾滴粒径大小影响显著。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the effect of different viscosities of pesticides on the atomization characteristics of spray nozzles, and provide a theoretical reference for agricultural pesticide spray technology.
MethodDifferent mass fractions of glycerol solution were configured to replace pesticide reagents for research. The spray area of the spray nozzle was gridded, and the phase Doppler anemometry was used to measure droplet parameters at different positions in the spray area. The statistical law of droplet size in the axial direction and radial direction was analyzed using SPSS.
ResultIn the axis direction of the spray area of the nozzle, arithmetic mean diameter, volume mean diameter, and Sauter mean diameter showed the law of first becoming smaller and then gradually increasing. The disturbance of the external air resistance made a certain pattern of surface waves on the surface of the ejected liquid. As the distance increased, the amplitude of the waves became larger, and the wave crests were torn off and broken into small droplets. Then under the action of gravity, the droplets collided and aggregated, and the droplet size gradually increased. In the radial direction of the spray area of the nozzle, the droplets were approximately symmetrically distributed, and the size of the droplets was small in the middle and large on the two sides. With the increase of the radial distance, the size of the droplets gradually increased. SPSS analysis showed that in the axial direction of the spray area the correlation coefficients of axial distance, liquid viscosity with droplet size were 0.531 and 0.795 respectively. In the radial direction the correlation coefficients of radial distance, liquid viscosity with droplet size were 0.932 and 0.328 respectively.
ConclusionTo a certain extent, liquids with greater viscosity have a certain effect of preventing drift. The changes in liquid viscosity have a significant effect on the droplet size in the axial direction. In the axial direction of the nozzle, changes in distance have a significant effect on the droplet size.
-
Keywords:
- nozzle /
- liquid viscosity /
- droplet size /
- phase Doppler anemometry(PDA) /
- spectrum analysis /
- spray
-
![]()
图 1 z=30 cm处径向雾滴体积平均直径(D30)变化
Figure 1. Change of radial droplet D30 at
${\textit{z}}{\bf{= 30 \;cm}}$ 表 1 4种常见农药的黏度
Table 1 Viscosities of four common pesticides
农药类型
Pesticide type配比
Proportion测试黏度/cp Test viscosity 第1次 The 1st time 第2次 The 2nd time 第3次 The 3rd time 平均值 Average 螺螨酯 Spirodiclofen 1∶4 000 1.69 1.61 1.62 1.64 哒螨灵 Pyridaben 1∶2 200 1.81 1.80 1.80 1.80 啶虫脒 Acetamiprid 1∶25 000 1.26 1.24 1.24 1.25 吡虫啉 Imidacloprid 1∶3 400 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.50 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 不同质量分数甘油溶液的黏度
Table 2 Viscosities of different mass fractions of glycerin solution
序号
Numberw(甘油)/%
Glycerin mass fraction测试黏度/cp Test viscosity 第1次 The 1st time 第2次 The 2nd time 第3次 The 3rd time 平均值 Average 1 0 1.10 1.11 1.11 1.10 2 12.5 1.29 1.31 1.30 1.30 3 22.5 1.62 1.63 1.63 1.63 4 32.5 2.18 2.20 2.19 2.19 5 42.5 2.99 2.98 3.00 2.99
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 不同黏度下轴心方向上雾滴参数1)
Table 3 Droplet parameters in the axis direction under different viscosities
μm 轴心距离/cm
Axis distance1.10 cp 1.30 cp 1.63 cp 2.19 cp 2.99 cp D10 D30 D32 D10 D30 D32 D10 D30 D32 D10 D30 D32 D10 D30 D32 2 147.5 173.3 193.9 91.3 117.8 141.5 96.2 123.7 152.1 41.7 68.4 43.6 54.6 88.5 143.7 4 34.0 71.7 141.0 30.6 46.3 74.0 36.1 68.2 121.1 39.5 41.5 47.8 45.5 49.7 52.9 6 27.6 28.3 29.9 29.7 36.2 47.7 30.7 47.5 80.0 43.3 45.6 51.8 53.0 58.3 63.1 8 31.5 33.6 35.8 33.2 35.8 38.0 30.8 35.2 39.1 47.9 50.0 54.3 55.1 61.3 67.2 10 33.7 35.6 38.2 34.9 38.0 41.1 35.7 38.2 43.1 49.6 52.1 59.1 62.4 68.3 75.7 12 34.2 37.2 40.8 36.7 40.2 43.9 37.7 40.8 46.2 54.2 56.2 62.4 65.8 72.6 80.2 14 35.1 38.4 42.3 37.9 42.4 46.3 38.4 41.1 46.4 55.5 58.4 66.6 68.3 75.5 82.1 16 36.7 40.1 44.5 39.1 43.9 48.6 39.8 43.6 51.2 58.8 63.0 70.8 70.6 76.8 84.5 18 37.5 42.6 46.2 40.5 45.7 51.1 40.4 45.6 52.8 62.0 65.9 76.4 73.4 82.2 91.3 20 38.4 43.9 48.7 41.5 46.7 53.6 42.1 48.2 56.0 64.7 69.6 80.7 74.3 82.2 90.3 22 40.0 45.1 52.0 43.5 49.1 55.9 43.6 51.8 60.2 66.6 73.8 81.0 79.3 88.1 96.9 24 40.1 46.7 53.2 44.2 50.8 59.0 45.0 52.1 60.5 66.1 73.0 88.7 81.3 90.0 98.9 26 41.6 47.6 55.2 45.4 53.6 61.9 46.9 55.0 65.8 70.8 79.8 102.4 84.6 94.7 105.5 28 42.3 49.5 57.4 47.5 55.6 65.0 47.8 57.0 68.5 78.8 90.3 99.4 86.3 96.6 107.4 30 43.3 51.5 61.2 47.5 56.6 65.5 47.8 59.4 72.4 74.9 85.9 101.1 86.9 98.8 113.2 32 44.9 52.5 61.5 48.6 58.0 68.7 49.8 62.4 76.1 75.8 87.1 112.6 82.6 97.7 114.5 34 44.5 53.2 63.6 49.8 60.6 72.0 50.9 64.3 79.0 82.5 97.0 112.9 87.5 100.4 115.3 36 46.2 55.4 65.8 51.7 63.1 75 52.9 67.3 83.3 75.9 88.4 103.1 90.6 104.3 120.7 38 47.2 57.8 69.6 53.7 65.6 80.1 54.6 69.1 86.6 79.7 93.8 111.2 91.8 106.5 123.7 40 49.7 61.2 75.2 54.8 66.9 81.3 54.9 70.8 87.7 84.3 97.8 114.4 92.0 107.6 118.6 1) D10：算术平均直径；D30：体积平均直径；D32：索尔特平均直径
1) D10: Arithmetic mean diameter; D30: Volume mean diameter; D32: Sauter mean diameter
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 轴心雾滴粒径的Pearson相关分析
Table 4 Pearson correlation analysis of axial droplet size
控制变量
Control
variable参数
Parameter项目
Item轴心距离为4~40 cm
Axis distance of 4−40 cm轴心距离为0~40 cm
Axis distance of 0−40 cm轴心距离
Axis
distance液体黏度
Liquid
viscosity雾滴粒径
Droplet
size轴心距离
Axis
distance液体黏度
Liquid
viscosity雾滴粒径
Droplet
size无
None轴心距离
Axis
distance相关系数(r)1)
Correlation coefficient1.000 0.000 0.531 1.000 0.000 0.287 显著性(双侧)
Significance (bilateral)1.000 0.000 1.000 0.004 df 0 93 93 0 98 98 液体黏度
Liquid
viscosity相关系数(r)1)
Correlation coefficient0.000 1.000 0.795 0.000 1.000 0.586 显著性(双侧)
Significance (bilateral)1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 df 93 0 93 98 0 98 雾滴粒径
Droplet
size相关系数(r)1)
Correlation coefficient0.531 0.795 1.000 0.287 0.586 1.000 显著性(双侧)
Significance (bilateral)0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 df 93 93 0 98 98 0 雾滴粒径
Droplet
size轴心距离
Axis
distance相关系数(r)1)
Correlation coefficient1.000 −0.821 1.000 −0.217 显著性(双侧)
Significance (bilateral)0.000 0.031 df 0 93 0 97 液体黏度
Liquid
viscosity相关系数(r)1)
Correlation coefficient−0.821 1.000 −0.217 1.000 显著性(双侧)
Significance (bilateral)0.000 0.031 df 92 0 97 0 1)1.0≥r>0.8表示极强相关，0.8≥r>0.6表示强相关，0.6≥r>0.4表示中等程度相关，0.4≥r>0.2表示弱相关，0.2≥r≥0表示无相关
1)1.0≥r>0.8 indicates very strong correlation, 0.8≥r>0.6 indicates strong correlation, 0.6≥r>0.4 indicates moderate correlation, 0.4≥r>0.2 indicates weak correlation, 0.2≥r≥0 indicates no correlation
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 径向雾滴粒径的Pearson相关分析1)
Table 5 Pearson correlation analysis of radial droplet size
控制变量
Control variable参数
Parameter项目
Item径向距离
Radial distance液体黏度
Liquid viscosity雾滴粒径
Droplet size无
None径向距离
Radial distance相关系数(r)1) Correlation coefficient 1.000 0.000 0.932 显著性(双侧) Significance (bilateral) 1.000 0.000 df 0 53 53 液体黏度
Liquid viscosity相关系数(r)1) Correlation coefficient 0.000 1.000 0.328 显著性(双侧) Significance (bilateral) 1.000 0.014 df 53 0 53 雾滴粒径
Droplet size相关系数(r)1) Correlation coefficient 0.932 0.328 1.000 显著性(双侧) Significance (bilateral) 0.000 0.014 df 53 53 0 雾滴粒径
Droplet size径向距离
Radial distance相关系数(r)1) Correlation coefficient 1.000 −0.893 显著性(双侧) Significance (bilateral) 0.000 df 0 52 液体黏度
Liquid viscosity相关系数(r)1) Correlation coefficient −0.893 1.000 显著性(双侧) Significance (bilateral) 0.000 df 52 0 1)1.0≥r>0.8表示极强相关，0.8≥r>0.6表示强相关，0.6≥r>0.4表示中等程度相关，0.4≥r>0.2表示弱相关，0.2≥r≥0表示无相关
1)1.0≥r>0.8 indicates very strong correlation, 0.8≥r>0.6 indicates strong correlation, 0.6≥r>0.4 indicates moderate correlation, 0.4≥r>0.2 indicates weak correlation, 0.2≥r≥0 indicates no correlation
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 许晏铭, 刘建河, 李星光. 液体物性对静电喷雾雾化性能的研究[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2018, 45(7): 793-798. [2] MANSOUR A, CHIGIER N. Air-blast atomization of non-Newtonian liquids[J]. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 1995, 58(2): 161-194.
[3] DAI X, XU Y, ZHENG J, et al. Analysis of the variability of pesticide concentration downstream of inline mixers for direct nozzle injection systems[J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2019, 180(13): 59-69.
[4] 范力更. 我国植保机械和施药技术的现状、问题及对策[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2018, 8(2): 15-21. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9205.2018.02.013 [5] 任少伟, 杨传民, 陈国营, 等. 大豆蛋白液喷雾场粒度分布变化[J]. 包装工程, 2018, 39(17): 46-52. [6] 吴亚垒, 祁力钧, 张亚, 等. 基于驻波与ZigBee实时监测雾滴蒸发系统设计与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(17): 128-135. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.17.017 [7] 张东彦, 兰玉彬, 陈立平, 等. 中国农业航空施药技术研究进展与展望[J]. 农业机械学报, 2014, 45(10): 53-59. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.009 [8] 王沛, 祁力钧, 李慧, 等. 植物叶片表面结构对雾滴沉积的影响分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2013, 44(10): 75-79. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.10.013 [9] 兰玉彬, 张海艳, 文晟, 等. 静电喷嘴雾化特性与沉积效果试验分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(4): 130-139. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.04.015 [10] 张慧春, GARY D, 郑加强, 等. 扇形喷头雾滴粒径分布风洞试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2012, 43(6): 53-57. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.06.010 [11] 张京, 宋坚利, 何雄奎, 等. 扇形雾喷头雾化过程中雾滴运动特性[J]. 农业机械学报, 2011, 42(4): 66-69. [12] 张慧春, 郑加强, 周宏平, 等. 农药喷施过程中雾滴沉积分布与脱靶飘移研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 2017, 48(8): 114-122. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.08.012 [13] AUNG N Z, YANG Q, CHEN M, et al. CFD analysis of flow forces and energy loss characteristics in a flapper-nozzle pilot valve with different null clearances[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2014, 83(45): 284-295.
[14] DE DOMENICO F, ROLLAND E O, HOCHGREB S. A generalised model for acoustic and entropic transfer function of nozzles with losses[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2019, 440(43): 212-230.
[15] 文晟, 兰玉彬, 张建桃, 等. 农用无人机超低容量旋流喷嘴的雾化特性分析与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(20): 85-93. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.20.011 [16] 王果, 龚燕, 张晓, 等. 不同施药机具在玉米田间的雾滴沉积分布试验[J]. 农机化研究, 2017(6): 177-182. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-188X.2017.06.035 [17] 朱增强, 王冉冉. 烟雾机喷嘴雾化仿真研究[J]. 装备制造技术, 2018(7): 51-54. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-545X.2018.07.017 [18] 祁力钧, 傅泽田. 不同条件下喷雾分布试验研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 1999, 15(2): 113-117. [19] 张瑞瑞, 张真, 徐刚, 等. 喷雾助剂类型及浓度对喷头雾化效果影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(20): 36-43. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.20.005 [20] 王潇楠, 何雄奎, 宋坚利, 等. 助剂类型及浓度对不同喷头雾滴飘移的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(22): 49-55. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.22.007 [21] 何玲, 王国宾, 胡韬, 等. 喷雾助剂及施液量对植保无人机喷雾雾滴在水稻冠层沉积分布的影响[J]. 植物保护学报, 2017, 44(6): 1046-1052. [22] 唐青, 陈立平, 张瑞瑞, 等. 高速气流条件下标准扇形喷头和空气诱导喷头雾化特性[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(22): 121-128. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.22.017 [23] 赵辉, 宋坚利, 曾爱军, 等. 喷雾液动态表面张力与雾滴粒径关系[J]. 农业机械学报, 2009, 40(8): 74-79. [24] 肖丽萍, 刘木华, ZHU HEPING, 等. 喷嘴喷施不同生物农药雾滴特性研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(2): 100-106. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.02.013 [25] LEE C H, REITZ R D. An experimental study of the effect of gas density on the distortion and breakup mechanism of drops in high speed gas stream[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2000, 26(2): 229-244. doi: 10.1016/S0301-9322(99)00020-8
-
期刊类型引用(10)
1. 邓永涛，尹苗，王聪，陈希文. 猪舍环境影响因子预测模型的研究进展. 家畜生态学报. 2025(02): 122-128 . 
百度学术
2. 刘艳昌，吴延昌，郭颖轩，李冬阳，张志霞，左现刚，李国厚. 生猪生长环境舒适度实时监测系统设计与实现. 家畜生态学报. 2024(06): 76-81+96 . 百度学术
3. 刘丙杰，侯慕馨，冀海燕. 基于支持向量机集成的船舶舱室温湿度预测. 海军工程大学学报. 2024(03): 21-25+32 . 百度学术
4. 朱佳明，孙彬，蒲施桦，潘学民，徐顺来，胡彬，齐仁立. 基于多环境因素分析的猪舍温湿度预测模型. 华南农业大学学报. 2024(05): 709-721 . 本站查看
5. 杨晓平，李雪寒，聂鹏程. 设施生猪环境调控现状研究和未来展望. 中国农业信息. 2024(02): 83-96 . 百度学术
6. 尤德安，邬锡权，陆畅，董钊杰，曾志雄，吕恩利. 数字孪生技术在现代化猪场生产应用的研究进展. 现代农业装备. 2023(04): 2-9+70 . 百度学术
7. 翟子鹤，陈小文，高莉平，张天柱. 基于梯度提升算法的温室黄瓜株高生长模拟. 中国农业大学学报. 2022(05): 134-145 . 百度学术
8. 杨东轩，吴叶兰，张刚刚，刘硕. 基于边缘计算与深度学习的禽舍监测系统设计. 江苏农业科学. 2022(09): 219-225 . 百度学术
9. 陈谦，杨涵，王宝刚，李文生，钱建平. 基于GRU神经网络模型的冷链运输温度时序预测. 农业大数据学报. 2022(01): 82-88 . 百度学术
10. 刘炫文，刘仁鑫. 猪舍小气候环境模拟预测技术研究综述. 江西农业学报. 2022(08): 122-126 . 百度学术
其他类型引用(7)
