Adaptability of rice varieties or combinations with good quality and high yield in South China
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摘要:目的
筛选出适合于华南地区种植的水稻品种(组合)直接用于生产，或作为育种材料间接利用。
方法采用完全随机试验设计，2019年早季在广东省珠海市对5个优质高产水稻品种(组合)‘华航48’、‘粳籼优0405’、‘粳籼优0505’、‘软华优1179’和‘软华优6100’进行了示范种植试验，考察了产量性状及其构成因素和外观品质性状，对照为优质稻‘美香占2号’。
结果5个参试材料均属于大粒高产类型，单穴有效穗数均不到22，低于对照‘美香占2号’(24)；单穗实粒数超过117粒、千粒质量大于20 g，均显著大于对照(对照分别为85.8粒和17.9 g)；单穴粒质量大于47.3 g，比对照增产28%以上。5个参试材料外观品质性状均稍逊于对照，表现为粒长<9.7 mm、粒宽>2.5 mm、粒长/粒宽<3.8、粒投影周长<20.5 mm和粒投影面积>16.8 mm2。相关分析结果表明，单穗实粒数、千粒质量、粒宽、粒投影面积与产量呈显著正相关；粒长、粒长/粒宽、粒投影周长与产量呈显著负相关，进一步证实了单穗实粒数与千粒质量的增产作用，也反映了外观品质与产量之间的矛盾。
结论‘华航48’、‘软华优1179’和‘软华优6100’在华南地区早季表现优异，可直接推广应用；‘粳籼优0405’和‘粳籼优0505’适合于产量目标的生产，或作为高产优质育种的中间材料。
Abstract:ObjectiveIn order to screen out good quality and high yield rice varieties or combinations suitable to be planted in Southern China for direct production or indirect utilization as breeding materials.
MethodA complete randomized design was adopted to investigate, the demonstration planting trial was conducted in Zhuhai of Guangdong Province in the early season of 2019, using five varieties or combinations including ‘Huahang 48’, ‘Jingxianyou 0405’, ‘Jingxianyou 0505’, ‘Ruanhuayou 1179’ and ‘Ruanhuayou 6100’ as experimental materials, and the variety of ‘Meixiangzhan 2’ with good quality and high yield as the contrast. Yield traits and yield components as well as exterior quality traits were analyzed.
ResultAll of five test materials belonged to the type of high yield and large grain. Their panicle number per hole were less than 22 panicles, which were lower than that of the contrast ‘Meixiangzhan 2’ with 24 panicles. Filled grain number per panicle and thousand-grain weight of all exceeded 117 and 20 g respectively , being significantly higher than the contrast. Five materials with over 47.3 g grain weight per hole increased production by more 28% compared with the contrast. On the other hand, the exterior qualities of five test materials were slightly inferior to the contrast, with grain length being less than 9.7 mm, grain width more than 2.5 mm, ratio of grain length to width less than 3.8, grain projection girth less than 20.5 mm and grain projection area more than 16.8 mm2. The results of correlation analysis indicated that there were significantly positive correlation between grain number per panicle, thousand-grain weight, grain width, grain projection area and yield, but negative correlation between grain length, ratio of grain length to width, grain projection girth and yield, which confirmed the increasing yield effects from filled grain number per panicle and thousand-grain weight, and reflected the conflict between exterior quality and yield.
Conclusion‘Huahang 48’, ‘Ruanhuayou 1179’ and ‘Ruanhuayou 6100’ have excellent performance in Southern China in early season, which can be directly applied in production. ‘Jingxianyou 0405’ and ‘Jingxianyou 0505’ can be applied to the aim of production to improve yield, or indirectly utilized as the middle breeding materials for high yield and good quality.
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Keywords:
- rice /
- good quality and high yield /
- adaptability /
- South China
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表 1 参试材料与对照‘美香占2号’各性状平均数及差异显著性1)
Table 1 The average values of traits and their difference significance between the experimental materials and the contrast of ‘Meixiangzhan 2’
性状
Trait美香占2号
Meixiangzhan 2华航48
Huahang 48粳籼优0405
Jingxianyou 0405粳籼优0505
Jingxianyou 0505软华优6100
Ruanhuayou 6100软华优1179
Ruanhuayou 1179PN 24.0 21.2 21.4 21.1 18.8* 19.7* GN 121.6 138.0** 143.1** 146.9** 153.6** 158.7** FGN 85.8 120.5** 117.3** 119.4** 124.7** 123.7** SSP 0.7 0.9** 0.8** 0.8** 0.8** 0.8** GL/mm 9.9 9.7** 8.7** 8.8** 9.4** 9.4** GWD/mm 2.4 2.5** 2.9** 3.0** 2.5** 2.6** RLW 4.2 3.8** 3.0** 3.0** 3.7** 3.7** GPG/mm 20.7 20.5** 19.1** 19.4** 20.0** 20.0** GPA/mm2 16.2 17.5** 17.9** 18.7** 16.8* 16.9** TGW/g 17.9 21.9** 22.8** 23.8** 20.3** 20.4** GW/g 36.9 55.7** 57.0** 59.2** 47.3* 48.8* 1)PN：单穴穗数，GN：每穗粒数，FGN：每穗实粒数，SSP：结实率，GL：粒长，GWD：粒宽，RLW：粒长/粒宽，GPG：粒投影周长，GPA：粒投影面积，TGW：千粒质量，GW：单穴粒质量；“*”、“**”分别表示差异达0.05、0.01显著水平(LSD法)
1) PN: Panicle number per hole, GN: Grain number per panicle, FGN: Filled grain number per panicle, SSP: Seed setting percentage, GL: Grain length, GWD: Grain width, RLW: Ratio of grain length to width, GPG: Grain projection girth, GPA: Grain projection area, TGW: Thousand grain weight, GW: Grain weight per hole； “*” and “**” indicated the significances at the levels of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively (LSD method)
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表 2 单个性状的方差分析及遗传率
Table 2 Analysis of variance and heritability for single trait
性状
Trait处理方差
Treatment variance误差方差
Error varianceF值1)
F-value遗传率/%
Heritability单穴穗数 Panicle number per hole 9.539 4.506 2.117 27.13 每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle 512.910 35.040 14.638** 81.97 每穗实粒数 Filled grain number per panicle 646.998 39.659 16.314** 83.62 结实率 Seed setting percentage 0.010 0.001 20.617** 86.74 粒长 Grain length 0.623 0.003 186.479** 98.41 粒宽 Grain width 0.173 0.001 347.528** 99.14 粒长/粒宽 Ratio of grain length to width 0.666 0.001 626.099** 99.52 粒投影周长 Grain projection girth 1.149 0.017 66.041** 95.59 粒投影面积 Grain projection area 2.320 0.056 41.618** 93.12 千粒质量 Thousand grain weight 13.494 0.059 227.085** 98.69 单穴粒质量 Grain weight per hole 205.235 35.620 5.762** 61.35 1) “**”为0.01显著水平(F检验法)
1)“**” indicated the significant level of 0.01 (F-test)
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表 3 考察性状间的表型相关系数1)
Table 3 Correlation coefficients of phenotypes among investigated traits
性状 Trait GN FGN SSP GL GWD RLW GPG GPA TGW GW PN −0.594** −0.580* −0.289 0.222 −0.156 0.208 0.221 −0.137 −0.269 0.078 GN 0.871** 0.321 −0.461* 0.302 −0.401 −0.461* 0.239 0.331 0.417 FGN 0.743** −0.482* 0.412 −0.485* −0.442 0.468* 0.606** 0.677** SSP −0.328 0.410 −0.415 −0.250 0.598** 0.739** 0.763** GL −0.944** 0.978** 0.989** −0.755** −0.778** −0.649** GWD −0.990** −0.897** 0.915** 0.889** 0.696** RLW 0.941** −0.873** −0.871** −0.708** GPG −0.662** −0.699** −0.581* GPA 0.950** 0.775** TGW 0.819** 1)PN：单穴穗数，GN：每穗粒数，FGN：每穗实粒数，SSP：结实率，GL：粒长，GWD：粒宽，RLW：粒长/粒宽，GPG：粒投影周长，GPA：粒投影面积，TGW：千粒质量，GW：单穴粒质量；“*”、“**”分别表示达0.05、0.01水平显著相关(临界相关系数法)
1)PN: Panicle number per hole, GN: Grain number per panicle, FGN: Filled grain number per panicle, SSP: Seed setting percentage, GL: Grain length, GWD: Grain width, RLW: Ratio of grain length to width, GPG: Grain projection girth, GPA: Grain projection area, TGW: Thousand grain weight, GW: Grain weight per hole; “*” and “**”indicated the significant correlation at the levels of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively (Critical correlation coefficient method)
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