Effects of straw cover amount on growth and development, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong
-
摘要:目的
研究稻草覆盖量对川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong生长发育、干物质积累及产量和品质的影响，为农业可持续发展及川芎生态种植提供理论依据和实践指导。
方法采取单因素随机区组设计，设置3个处理：不覆盖稻草、覆盖苓子、覆盖全厢面，测定并分析川芎的出苗率、形态指标、干物质积累、折干率、产量及化学成分含量，进行经济效益评价。
结果覆盖全厢面处理出苗率最高，达97.66%，与不覆盖稻草(94.05%)差异显著；覆盖苓子出苗率为96.68%，与不覆盖稻草和覆盖全厢面差异均不显著。稻草覆盖在多个生育期尤其是生长前期显著影响川芎株高，生长后期显著影响茎数、叶片数和根茎宽，对根茎长和根茎厚的影响未达显著水平；除倒苗期外，覆盖苓子和覆盖全厢面各生育期地上部干质量、地下部干质量和地下部折干率均高于不覆盖稻草。覆盖全厢面产量比覆盖苓子和不覆盖稻草分别高16.6%和41.6%，净收益分别高24.4%和68.3%。稻草覆盖处理提高了川芎阿魏酸、洋川芎内酯A、藁本内酯和总苯酞含量。
结论川芎种植厢面覆盖稻草促进了川芎的生长发育和干物质积累，提高了产量、品质和经济效益，覆盖全厢面处理效果优于仅覆盖苓子的传统方法。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the effects of straw cover amount on growth and development, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong, and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for sustainable agricultural development and ecological planting of L. chuanxiong.
MethodSingle-factor randomized block design was adopted, and three treatments including no straw cover, covering Lingzi, covering whole ridge were setted. The emergence rate, morphological indexes, dry matter accumulation, drying rate, yield and chemical components of L. Chuanxiong were determined and analyzed. Finally, the economic benefit was evaluated.
ResultCovering whole ridge treatment had the highest emergence rate reaching 97.66%, which was significantly higher than no straw cover treatment (94.05%). The emergence rate of covering Lingzi was 96.68%, which was not significantly different from other two treatments. Straw cover treatment had significant effects on plant height during multiple growth stages especially early growth stage, had significant effects on stem number, leaf number and rhizome width at late growth stage and no significant effect on rhizome length and rhizome thickness. Except for senescene period, the aboveground part dry weight, underground part dry weight and aboveground part drying rate of covering Lingzi and covering whole ridge were higher than those of no straw cover treatment at each growth stage. The yield of covering whole ridge was 16.6% and 41.6% higher than those of covering Lingzi and no straw cover respectively, and the net income was 24.4% and 68.3% higher than those of other two treatments respectively. Straw cover treatment increased the contents of ferulic acid, senkyunolide A, ligustilide, and total phthalides in the rhizome of L.chuanxiong.
ConclusionStraw cover treatment of L. chuanxiong during planting period is conducive to promoting growth and development and dry matter accumulation of L. chuanxiong, and improving its yield, quality and economic benefits. The effect of covering whole ridge is superior to the traditional half-cover of covering Lingzi solely.
-
Keywords:
- Ligusticum chuanxiong /
- straw cover /
- growth /
- dry matter accumulation /
- yield /
- quality
-
-
![]()
图 1 稻草覆盖量对栽种后30 d川芎出苗率的影响
柱子上不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
Figure 1. Effect of straw cover amount on emergence rate of Ligusticum chuanxiong after planting for 30 days
Different lowercase letters on the columns indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05, Duncan’s method)
![]()
图 2 稻草覆盖量对川芎各生育期折干率的影响
各小图中相同生育期不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著（P<0.05，Duncan’s法）
Figure 2. Effect of straw cover amount on drying rate of Ligusticum chuanxiong during different growth periods
Different lowercase letters at the same growth stage indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05, Duncan’s method)
![]()
图 3 稻草覆盖量对川芎产量的影响
柱子上不同小写字母不同表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
Figure 3. Effect of straw cover amount on Ligusticum chuanxiong yield
Different lowercase letters in the columns indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05, Duncan’s method)
![]()
图 4 稻草覆盖量对川芎各生育期品质指标的影响
各小图中相同生育期不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著（P<0.05，Duncan’s法）
Figure 4. Effect of straw cover amount on quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong during different growth periods
Different lowercase letters in the same growth stage indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05, Duncan’s method)
表 1 稻草覆盖量对各生育期川芎形态指标的影响1)
Table 1 Effects of straw cover amount on morphological indexes of Ligusticum chuanxiong in different growth periods
形态指标
Morphological index生育期
Growth period不覆盖稻草
No straw cover覆盖苓子
Covering Lingzi覆盖全厢面
Covering whole ridge株高/cm
Plant height茎叶发生 Stem emergence and growth 35.93±0.72b 37.80±0.77ab 38.20±0.66a 倒苗 Senescene 37.83±0.65b 40.32±0.60a 41.45±0.85a 二次茎叶发生 Secondary stem emergence 32.29±1.06b 40.22±1.28a 37.03±1.08a 抽茎 Tillering 20.53±0.57b 27.01±1.55a 23.58±1.13b 收获 Harvest 33.57±2.07a 33.34±2.06a 36.61±1.76a 茎数
Stem number茎叶发生 Stem emergence and growth 6.07±0.20a 5.33±0.36a 5.87±0.39a 倒苗 Senescene 5.61±0.41a 5.11±0.43a 5.56±0.29a 二次茎叶发生 Secondary stem emergence 7.07±0.71a 7.47±0.81a 7.13±0.89a 抽茎 Tillering 16.07±1.65b 19.20±1.46ab 21.73±1.71a 收获 Harvest 12.00±1.13a 13.90±1.47a 17.25±2.23a 叶片数
Leaf number茎叶发生 Stem emergence and growth 26.36±0.91a 25.13±1.84a 28.33±1.86a 倒苗 Senescene 28.72±1.90a 25.83±2.03a 27.67±1.22a 二次茎叶发生 Secondary stem emergence 26.13±2.78a 24.60±4.06a 26.20±3.57a 抽茎 Tillering 41.33±3.51b 53.07±4.19a 60.93±3.70a 收获 Harvest 43.00±4.93a 49.30±4.59a 57.00±7.49a 根茎长/mm
Rhizome length茎叶发生 Stem emergence and growth 44.31±1.69a 41.38±1.51a 45.65±1.90a 倒苗 Senescene 55.92±2.10a 54.94±2.00a 55.73±1.22a 二次茎叶发生 Secondary stem emergence 57.76±3.77a 58.01±2.58a 61.15±3.92a 抽茎 Tillering 61.87±3.06a 69.17±2.57a 67.22±2.58a 收获 Harvest 52.66±4.13a 65.33±3.13a 59.66±6.54a 根茎宽/mm
Rhizome width茎叶发生 Stem emergence and growth 34.91±1.21a 39.09±1.81a 36.63±1.88a 倒苗 Senescene 45.25±2.77a 49.05±1.84a 49.09±1.88a 二次茎叶发生 Secondary stem emergence 47.02±2.64a 50.59±2.40a 49.16±2.23a 抽茎 Tillering 50.92±2.85a 56.02±3.89a 58.74±3.41a 收获 Harvest 38.98±3.87b 51.05±3.28a 55.78±3.55a 根茎厚/mm
Rhizome thickness茎叶发生 Stem emergence and growth 27.96±0.93a 28.77±0.99a 30.05±1.19a 倒苗 Senescene 34.22±1.53a 32.76±0.96a 34.16±0.86a 二次茎叶发生 Secondary stem emergence 37.01±2.15a 40.16±1.72a 41.42±2.36a 抽茎 Tillering 38.24±2.95a 39.36±2.11a 40.25±2.07a 收获 Harvest 36.13±2.54a 38.24±1.68a 38.68±1.91a 1)相同指标相同生育期后不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) Different lowercase letters in the same morphological index and growth stage indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05, Duncan’s method)
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 稻草覆盖量对川芎各生育期干物质积累的影响1)
Table 2 Effect of straw cover amount on dry matter accumulation of Ligusticum chuanxiong in different growth periods
指标
Index生育期
Growth period不覆盖稻草
No straw cover覆盖苓子
Covering Lingzi覆盖全厢面
Covering whole ridge地上部干质量/g
Dry weight of aboveground part茎叶发生 Stem emergence and growth 9.35±0.95a 9.37±0.83a 9.52±0.08a 倒苗 Senescene 12.63±1.31a 11.18±1.17a 12.05±1.91a 二次茎叶发生 Secondary stem emergence 7.87±1.00a 8.59±0.67a 9.06±0.54a 抽茎 Tillering 4.69±0.07b 6.57±1.17ab 8.77±0.09a 收获 Harvest 14.43±0.49b 18.04±2.04b 24.41±0.17a 根茎干质量/g
Dry weight of rhizome茎叶发生 Stem emergence and growth 5.76±0.37a 6.53±0.96a 7.07±0.56a 倒苗 Senescene 16.39±1.59a 14.88±0.73a 18.84±3.00a 二次茎叶发生 Secondary stem emergence 19.43±1.28a 24.70±1.75a 25.23±2.25a 抽茎 Tillering 15.25±2.93a 21.36±0.14a 21.82±0.62a 收获 Harvest 17.97±0.01b 21.83±1.41ab 25.45±2.00a 须根干质量/g
Dry weight of fibrous fibyous root茎叶发生 Stem emergence and growth 1.19±0.13a 1.21±0.15a 1.28±0.07a 倒苗 Senescene 2.09±0.26a 1.83±0.17a 1.62±0.41a 二次茎叶发生 Secondary stem emergence 2.02±0.30a 2.15±0.22a 2.90±0.24a 抽茎 Tillering 2.67±0.25a 2.41±0.35a 2.25±0.19a 收获 Harvest 1.61±0.29a 1.64±0.10a 2.45±0.27a 地下部干质量/g
Dry weight of underground part茎叶发生 Stem emergence and growth 6.95±0.49a 7.75±1.09a 8.35±0.51a 倒苗 Senescene 18.48±1.84a 16.72±0.87a 20.46±3.34a 二次茎叶发生 Secondary stem emergence 21.45±1.43a 26.85±1.62a 28.13±2.42a 抽茎 Tillering 17.92±3.18a 23.77±0.49a 24.07±0.43a 收获 Harvest 19.58±0.28b 23.47±1.51ab 27.90±1.72a 1)相同指标相同生育期后不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) Different lowercase letters in the same index and growth stage indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05, Duncan’s method)
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 稻草覆盖量对川芎经济效益的影响1)
Table 3 Effect of straw cover amount on economic benefit of Ligusticum chuanxiong
处理
Treatment投资项目/(元·hm−2) Investment project 稻草
Straw苓子
Lingzi肥料
Fertilizer耕地
Tillage盖草
Covering straw施肥
Fertilization除杂
Weeding不覆盖稻草 No straw cover 0 3 450 4 500 1 500 0 1 350 13 500 覆盖苓子 Covering Lingzi 900 3 450 4 500 1 500 2 250 1 350 10 500 覆盖全厢面Covering whole ridge 1 800 3 450 4 500 1 500 4 500 1 350 7 500 处理
Treatment投资成本/
(元·hm−2)
Cost of investment产量/
(kg·hm−2)
Yield售价/
(元·kg−1)
Selling price销售收入/
(元·hm−2)
Sale revenue净收益/
(元·hm−2)
Net income不覆盖稻草 No straw cover 24 300 3 938.25 15.50 61 042.88 36 742.88 覆盖苓子 Covering Lingzi 24 450 4 784.25 15.50 74 155.88 49 705.88 覆盖全厢面 Covering whole ridge 24 600 5 576.40 15.50 86 434.20 61 834.20 1)稻草0.35元·kg−1，覆盖苓子用草约2 580 kg·hm−2，覆盖全厢面用草约5 160 kg·hm−2；除杂费用每人每天100.00元；2018年8月苓子10.00元·kg−1，需345 kg·hm−2；2019年8月川芎售价15.50元·kg−1
1)Straw was about 0.35 yuan·kg−1, covering Lingzi needed about 2 580 kg·hm−2 straw, covering whole ridge needed about 5 160 kg·hm−2 straw; The cost of cleaning weeds was 100.00 yuan per person per day; In August 2018, the price of Lingzi was about 10.00 yuan·kg−1, and the experiment needed 345 kg·hm−2 Lingzi; In August 2019, Chuanxiong was sold for 15.50 yuan·kg−1
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典一部[S]. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社, 2015. [2] 高兵. 川芎鉴定及临床应用价值分析[J]. 中国实用医药, 2017, 12(31): 131-132. [3] 张登柱. 神农本草经[M]. 北京: 新世界出版社, 2009. [4] CHEN Z, ZHANG C, GAO F, et al. A systematic review on the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuanxiong)[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2018, 119: 309-325. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.050
[5] 刘珮, 王辉, 王静, 等. 川芎功用古今考究[J]. 亚太传统医药, 2017, 13(10): 55-58. doi: 10.11954/ytctyy.201710022 [6] 李霞. 川芎及其提取物的临床应用[J]. 甘肃医药, 2017, 36(5): 344-346. [7] 张训, 李维双, 魏正东, 等. 什邡市隐峰镇万亩川芎基地川芎栽培技术[J]. 南方农业, 2016, 10(15): 18-19. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-890X.2016.15.009 [8] 范巧佳, 蓝天琼, 郑顺林, 等. 免耕稻草覆盖对土壤肥力及川芎产量和品质的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2013, 26(3): 1066-1070. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4829.2013.03.046 [9] 陈春霞. 配方肥用量与种植密度对川芎生长发育和产量的影响[D]. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2012. [10] 张毅, 范巧佳, 郑顺林, 等. 春季追肥对川芎产量、阿魏酸和总生物碱含量的影响[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2008(16): 1944-1947. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-5302.2008.16.004 [11] 梁琴, 陈兴福, 李瑶, 等. 化肥与有机肥配施对川芎产量的影响[J]. 中药材, 2015, 38(10): 2015-2020. [12] 刘金亮, 范巧佳, 郑顺林, 等. 栽种期和采收期对川芎产量及品质的影响[J]. 中药材, 2015, 38(8): 1576-1581. [13] 蓝天琼. 免耕稻草覆盖对土壤微生物、酶活性及川芎生长的影响[D]. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2010. [14] 杨艳, 刘云华, 黄志芳, 等. 一测多评法测定川芎、当归中洋川芎内酯A和藁本内酯的含量[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2015, 21(3): 58-62. [15] 赵银春, 陈尚洪. 稻草还田与耕作方式对小麦产量及土壤水分利用的影响[J]. 四川农业科技, 2016(10): 31-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1028.2016.10.013 [16] 何斌. 稻草覆盖对免耕直播晚稻生长发育及产量的影响[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2017. [17] 刘芳. 基于水稻秸秆覆盖还田的免耕直播油菜栽培模式研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2012. [18] 李朝苏, 汤永禄, 吴春, 等. 稻草还田方式及还田量对稻茬小麦播种立苗质量和产量建成的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2014, 27(3): 996-1002. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4829.2014.03.017 [19] 钱怡云. 采收加工贮藏方法对当归药材质量的影响及其定量分析模式研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃中医学院, 2014. [20] 银玲, 彭月, 陈鸿平, 等. 川芎有效成分与土壤营养值相关性研究[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2013, 19(24): 121-125.
