水稻气力式排种器清种装置设计与试验

邢赫; 臧英; 罗锡文; 王在满; 何思禹; 许鹏; 刘顺财

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.201905072

水稻气力式排种器清种装置设计与试验

Design and test of seed cleaning device of pneumatic metering device for rice

摘要

摘要:
目的为了改善水稻气力式排种器工作时稻种的重吸附现象，设计了一种垂直于排种盘平面的清种装置。

方法对水稻气力式排种器工作时稻种的受力与清种装置的工作原理进行了分析，建立了吸种过程中的受力模型。采用超级杂交稻‘五丰优615’为试验对象，在有、无清种装置的条件下进行了排种器的精度试验。在吸室负压为4.0 kPa的条件下，进行了清种块厚度和排种盘转速的两因素试验分析。

结果采用清种装置后，1~3粒/穴的占比由62.02%提升至90.00%左右，≥4粒/穴的占比由37.98%降至5.00%，改进效果较为明显。当清种块厚度为3.5 mm、排种盘转速为15、20和25 r/min时，1、2和3粒/穴的占比分别为95.18%、95.16%和95.23%，空穴率分别为2.07%、2.76%和4.56%，满足超级杂交稻的田间播种需求。

结论当吸室负压一定时，降低排种盘转速可以提高清种装置的清种效果，提高排种器的播种精度。本文针对水稻气力式排种器的结构，设计了一种清种装置，有效地清除了排种器重吸附的稻种，为提高水稻气力式排种器的精度提供了依据。

Abstract:
Objective In order to reduce the reabsorption of rice seeds in pneumatic metering device, a seed cleaning device vertical to the surface of the seed metering plate was designed.

Method The force acting on rice seed and the working principle of the seed cleaning device were analyzed when the pneumatic metering device was working, and the force model during the seed suction process was established. The super hybrid rice ‘Wufengyou 615’ was used as the experimental object. The precision test of seed metering device was carried out with or without seed cleaning device. Under a negative pressure of 4.0 kPa in the suction chamber, the effects of two factors, including the thickness of seed cleaning block and the rotational speed of seed metering plate, on seed cleaning were tested and analyzed.

Result After using the seed cleaning device, the ratio of 1−3 seeds per hill increased from 62.02% to 90.00%, and the ratio of ≥4 seeds per hill decreased from 37.98% to 5.00%. When the thickness of seed cleaning block was 3.5 mm and the rotational speeds of seed metering plate were 15, 20 and 25 r/min respectively, the ratios of 1, 2 and 3 seeds per hill were 95.18%, 95.16% and 95.23% respectively, and the missing hill rates were 2.07%, 2.76% and 4.56% respectively, which met the requirements of field sowing for super hybrid rice.

Conclusion When the negative pressure in suction chamber is constant, reducing the rotational speed of seed plate can improve the cleaning effect of the seed cleaning device and the sowing precision of the seed metering device. Based on the structure of rice pneumatic metering device, we designed a seed cleaning device which can effectively clear rice seeds adsorbed by the seed metering device, and this research provides a basis for improving the precision of rice pneumatic metering device.

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