Abstract: Banana is the second largest fruit crop in the world and is the fruit with the largest world trade. Fusarium wilt, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is one of the most destructive banana diseases, which greatly threatens the healthy and sustainable development of banana industry worldwide. In recent years, many efforts have been made on studying disease occurrence, pathogen biology, infection process, epidemiology, whole genome sequencing, banana-Foc interaction and disease management. However, there are few systematic reviews on Foc and Fusarium wilt. Here, we summarize with an emphasis on the disease history and the current status, the races and genetic diversity of Foc, and management strategies of Fusarium wilt, so as to provide references for research and control of this disease.