Influence of Eisenia fetida on aluminum fractions in latosolic red soil
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摘要:目的
研究蚯蚓添加对华南地区赤红壤酸化特征和铝(Al)形态的影响，为华南赤红壤的酸化改良提供理论依据。
方法通过室内盆栽试验，用赤红壤培养赤子爱胜蚓Eisenia fetida 40 d后测定蚓粪和土壤pH、有机质、全氮和阳离子交换量(CEC)；通过连续浸提法测定土壤各铝形态含量，包括交换态铝(AlEx)、弱有机结合态铝(AlOrw)、有机结合态铝(AlOr)、无定形态铝(AlAmo)、氧化铁结合态铝(AlOxi)、非晶态铝硅酸盐和三水铝石(AlAag)；采用主成分分析法研究不同处理土壤中铝的形态分布。试验以未添加蚯蚓的土壤为对照。
结果与对照相比，蚓粪的pH提高了1.27，全氮、CEC、AlOr以及交换性K、Na、Ca含量分别提高了62.16%、38.22%、355.70%、151.38%、65.38%和51.90%；蚓粪和土壤AlEx含量分别降低了50.95%和53.14%。蚓粪的pH、CEC、AlOr含量和交换性K、Na、Ca含量显著高于未吞食土壤。
结论蚯蚓可提升土壤pH和土壤AlOr的含量，促进交换性Ca、Mg的释放，降低土壤AlEx含量。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the impacts of earthworms on soil acidification characteristics and aluminum (Al) fractions of latosolic red soil in South China, and provide a theoretical basis for acidification improvement of latosolic red soil in South China.
MethodThe earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were incubated with latosolic red soil under laboratory conditions. After 40 days of incubation, Al fractions in earthworm cast and soil, namely exchangeable (AlEx), weakly organically bound (AlOrw), organically bound (AlOr), amorphous (AlAmo), Al occluded in crystalline iron oxides (AlOxi), and amorphous aluminosilicate and gibbsite (AlAag) fractions, were determined using sequential extraction methods. Earthworm cast and soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined. The principal component analyses were applied to study the distribution of different Al fractions in different treated soils. And the soil without earthworm was set as a control.
ResultCompared to the control soil, pH of earthworm casts increased by 1.27, the total nitrogen, CEC, AlOr and exchangeable K, Na, and Ca contents increased by 62.16%, 38.22%, 355.70%, 151.38%, 65.38% and 51.90%, respectively, and AlEx contents in earthworm casts and soil decreased by 50.95% and 53.14% respectively. The pH, CEC, AlOr and exchangeable K, Na, Ca contents in casts were significantly higher than those in non-ingested soil.
ConclusionEarthworms can significantly increase soil pH and AlOr, promote the release of exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+, and reduce soil AlEx content.
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Keywords:
- earthworm /
- soil aluminum fraction /
- pH /
- exchangeable base cation /
- latosolic red soil
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图 1 不同处理土壤的理化性质
CK：对照土壤，不加蚯蚓；ESC：土壤+蚯蚓，收集蚓粪；ESN：土壤+蚯蚓，收集未吞食土壤；柱子上方的不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’ s法)
Figure 1. Soil physicochemical properties in different treatments
CK: Control soil, no earthworm; ESC: Soil+earthworm, collecting cast; ESN: Soil+earthworm, collecting non-ingested soil; Different lowercase letters on bars indicated significant differences (P<0.05, Duncan’ s test)
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图 2 不同处理土壤的交换性盐基离子含量
CK：对照土壤，不加蚯蚓；ESC：土壤+蚯蚓，收集蚓粪；ESN：土壤+蚯蚓，收集未吞食土壤；柱子上方的不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’ s法)
Figure 2. Soil exchangeable base cation contents in different treatments
CK: Control soil, no earthworm; ESC: Soil+earthworm, collecting cast; ESN: Soil+earthworm, collecting non-ingested soil; Different lowercase letters on bars indicated significant differences (P<0.05, Duncan’ s test)
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图 3 各处理土壤铝形态、理化指标和交换性盐基离子的主成分分析
SOC：土壤有机碳；TN：全氮；C/N：碳氮质量比；CEC：阳离子交换量；KEx：交换性K+；NaEx：交换性Na+；CaEx：交换性Ca2+；MgEx：交换性Mg2+；AlEx：交换态铝；AlOrw：弱有机结合态铝；AlOr：有机结合态铝；AlAmo：无定形态铝；AlOxi：氧化铁结合态铝；AlAag：非晶态铝硅酸盐和三水铝石；AlMin：矿物态铝；CK：对照土壤，不加蚯蚓；ESC：土壤+蚯蚓，收集蚓粪；ESN：土壤+蚯蚓，收集未吞食土壤
Figure 3. Principal component analyses of aluminum fractions, physicochemical indexes and exchangeable base cation contents in soils of different treatment
SOC: Soil organic carbon; TN: Total nitrogen; C/N: Carbon nitrogen mass ratio; CEC: Cation exchange capacity; KEx: Exchangeable potassium; NaEx: Exchangeable sodium; CaEx: Exchangeable calcium; MgEx: Exchangeable magnesium; AlEx: Exchangeable aluminum; AlOrw: Weakly organically bound aluminum; AlOr: Organically bound aluminum; AlAmo: Amorphous aluminum; AlOxi: Iron oxide bound aluminum; AlAag: Amorphous aluminosilicate and gibbsite; AlMin: Mineral aluminum; CK: Control soil, no earthworm; ESC: Soil+earthworm, collecting cast; ESN: Soil+earthworm, collecting non-ingested soil
表 1 不同处理的土壤铝形态1)
Table 1 Soil aluminum fractions in different treatments
处理
Treatmentw/(mg·kg−1) w/(g·kg−1) AlEx AlOrw AlOr AlAmo AlOxi AlAag AlMin CK 210.0±2.0a 251±17a 228±15b 0.12±0.03b 0.72±0.02b 14.0±1.0a 51.6±1.0a ESC 103.0±7.0b 281±13a 1 039±56a 0.15±0.05a 0.81±0.01a 12.2±0.4a 52.3±0.4a ESN 98.4±4.6b 271±12a 292±7b 0.11±0.10b 0.69±0.02b 13.8±1.0a 51.9±1.0a 1) CK：对照土壤，不加蚯蚓；ESC：土壤+蚯蚓，收集蚓粪；ESN：土壤+蚯蚓，收集未吞食土壤；AlEx：交换态铝，AlOrw：弱有机结合态铝，AlOr：有机结合态铝，AlAmo：无定形态铝，AlOxi：氧化铁结合态铝，AlAag：非晶态铝硅酸盐和三水铝石，AlMin：矿物态铝；同列数据后的不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’ s法)
1) CK: Control soil, no earthworm; ESC: Soil+earthworm, collecting cast; ESN: Soil+earthworm, collecting non-ingested soil; AlEx: Exchangeable aluminum; AlOrw: Weakly organically bound aluminum; AlOr: Organically bound aluminum; AlAmo: Amorphous aluminum; AlOxi: Iron oxide bound aluminum; AlAag: Amorphous alumin-osilicate and gibbsite; AlMin: Mineral aluminum; Different lowercase letters in the same column indicated significant differences (P<0.05，Duncan’ s test)
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