Comparison of production performance among F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different beef breeds
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摘要:目的
分析湛江市雷琼黄牛杂交利用现状及存在的问题,旨在促进雷琼黄牛杂交改良技术的应用,提高肉牛生产效益与经济效益。
方法选取西雷杂F1代(西门塔尔♂×雷琼黄牛♀)、利雷杂F1代(利木赞♂×雷琼黄牛♀)、安雷杂F1代(安格斯♂×雷琼黄牛♀)和雷琼黄牛作为研究对象。在相同饲养条件下,选取初生、3月龄、6月龄和24月龄的杂交牛F1代及雷琼黄牛共390头,测定其体质量与体尺指标;屠宰24月龄的杂交牛F1代与雷琼黄牛各3头,选取其背最长肌进行肉品质分析。
结果利木赞牛对雷琼黄牛杂交改良作用明显,尤其在初生体质量、24月龄体质量以及体尺发育方面效果显著,其中24月龄体质量提高了37.64%。利雷杂F1代肉质嫩度优于其余3组,而西雷杂F1代肉质嫩度最差。西雷杂F1代的眼肌面积大于雷琼黄牛,利雷杂F1代的眼肌面积大于其余3组,3组杂交牛F1代均可改善雷琼黄牛肉色偏白的情况。利雷杂、安雷杂、雷琼黄牛的必需氨基酸含量差异不显著,而西雷杂F1代必需氨基酸含量极显著低于雷琼黄牛。
结论利木赞牛在改善雷琼黄牛体型、生长速度及肉品质上综合表现较好。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the current situation and existing problems of cross-breeding utilization of Leiqiong yellow cattle in Zhanjiang, promote the application of the hybrid improvement technology of Leiqiong yellow cattle, and improve the production efficiency and economic benefits of beef cattle.
MethodWe selected Simmental×Leiqiong F1 generation, Limousin×Leiqiong F1 generation, Angus×Leiqiong F1 generation and Leiqiong yellow cattle as the research object. Under the same feeding conditions, 390 hybrids of F1 generation and Leiqiong yellow cattle including newborn, 3-month-old, 6-month-old and 24-month-old cattles were selected, and their body weight and body size indicators were measured. Three 24-month-old F1 hybrid cattles and three Leiqiong yellow cattles were slaughtered, and the longest back muscles were selected for meat quality analysis.
ResultLimousin cattle had obvious effects on variety improvement through hybridizing with Leiqiong yellow cattle, especially in improving the birth weight, 24-month-old weight and body size development. The meat tenderness of Limousin×Leiqiong F1 generation was better compared with other three groups, while Simmental×Leiqiong F1 generation had the worst meat tenderness. The eye muscle area of Simmental×Leiqiong F1 generation was larger than that of Leiqiong yellow cattle. The eye muscle area of Angus×Leiqiong F1 generation was larger compared with other three groups. The shortcoming of white beef in Leiqiong yellow cattle was improved in the F1 generation of three hybrid groups. The essential amino acid contents of Limousin×Leiqiong F1 generation, Angus×Leiqiong F1 generation and Leiqiong yellow cattle were not significantly different, while the essential amino acid content of Simmental×Leiqiong F1 generation was significantly lower than that of Leiqiong yellow cattle.
ConclusionLimousin cattle has a better overall performance in improving the body shape, growth rate and meat quality of Leiqiong yellow cattle.
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Keywords:
- Leiqiong yellow cattle /
- F1 hybrid /
- growth performance /
- meat quality
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表 1 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代生长发育性状1)
Table 1 Growth and developmental traits of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle
牛龄
Age品种
Breed体质量/kg
Body weight体高/cm
Body height十字部高/cm
Hip croop height体斜长/cm
Body length胸围/cm
Chest measurement初生
Birth西雷杂
Simmental×Leiqiong28.24±0.51Aab 65.57±0.78Aab 69.00±1.02Bb 57.71±0.92Aab 70.43±0.61Aab 利雷杂
Limousin×Leiqiong29.83±0.42Aa 66.77±0.34Aa 70.30±0.31Aa 58.93±0.62Aa 70.82±0.40Aa 安雷杂
Angus×Leiqiong27.95±0.32Ab 64.91±0.34Ab 68.00±0.33Bb 56.55±0.28Ab 68.36±0.24Ab 雷琼
Leiqiong18.58±0.35Bc 60.38±0.32Bc 62.71±0.34Cc 53.92±0.30Bc 61.35±0.40Bc 3月龄
3-month-old西雷杂
Simmental×Leiqiong109.50±2.32Aa 86.17±0.95Bb 91.50±1.59Bb 87.00±1.77Aab 104.83±2.90Aab 利雷杂
Limousin×Leiqiong112.93±1.58Aa 87.84±0.61Aa 92.57±0.75Aa 87.16±0.69Aa 106.98±1.10Aa 安雷杂
Angus×Leiqiong93.77±2.51Bb 84.62±0.45Bb 89.00±0.75Bb 84.54±0.33Ab 102.77±0.52Ab 雷琼
Leiqiong67.62±1.16Cc 76.54±0.33Cc 79.59±0.45Cc 76.96±0.34Bc 93.28±0.66Bc 6月龄
6-month-old西雷杂
Simmental×Leiqiong178.14±4.38Bb 95.71±1.17Bb 103.14±1.03Bb 103.00±1.94Bb 127.00±1.05Bb 利雷杂
Limousin×Leiqiong194.33±2.40Aa 98.44±0.46Aa 106.23±0.37Aa 108.28±0.35Aa 130.72±0.48Aa 安雷杂
Angus×Leiqiong160.77±2.32Cc 93.77±0.47Bb 98.77±0.67Cc 97.92±0.71Cc 122.85±1.05Bc 雷琼
Leiqiong140.35±0.76Dd 89.94±0.36Cc 94.74±0.35Dd 100.91±0.67Bb 119.71±0.66Cd 24月龄
24-month-old西雷杂
Simmental×Leiqiong357.05±14.16Bb 122.80±2.50Aab 129.00±2.81Bb 139.00±2.88Aa 175.40±1.72Bb 利雷杂
Limousin×Leiqiong398.37±16.32Aa 123.83±3.00Aa 132.67±3.09Aa 140.17±3.47Aa 184.50±2.28Aa 安雷杂
Angus×Leiqiong331.02±12.05BCb 116.80±0.97ABb 122.80±0.58Bb 125.20±2.62Bb 178.00±1.84Aa 雷琼
Leiqiong289.43±6.56Cc 111.62±0.91Bc 115.77±0.56Cc 120.77±1.80Bb 169.54±1.77Bb 1)相同牛龄同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法)
1)Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column of the same age indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)表 2 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代的肉品质物理指标1)
Table 2 Physical indexes for meat qualities of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle
品种
Breed剪切力/kg
Shearing force眼肌面积/cm2
Loin eye area肉色 L a b 西雷杂
Simmental×Leiqiong5.80±0.25Aa 73.05±0.63Bb 34.51±0.27Bb 20.09±0.68Aa 13.72±0.75Aa 利雷杂
Limousin×Leiqiong3.71±0.23Cc 60.30±0.43Cc 33.68±0.48Bb 16.89±0.85Bb 11.34±0.67Ab 安雷杂
Angus×Leiqiong4.19±0.24Cc 83.20±0.55Aa 37.05±0.37Aa 16.02±0.93Bb 13.13±0.79Aab 雷琼
Leiqiong5.00±0.20Bb 61.33±0.88Cc 31.85±0.40Cc 12.84±0.58Cc 11.66±0.74Aab 1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法)
1)Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)表 5 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代肌肉饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量1)
Table 5 Saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents in muscle of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle
w/% 品种 Breed 肉豆蔻酸 Myristic acid 棕榈酸 Palmitic acid 硬脂酸 Stearic acid 总量 Total 西雷杂
Simmental×Leiqiong0.84±0.04Dd
24.60±0.36Aa
27.16±0.39Aa
54.24±0.69Aa
利雷杂
Limousin×Leiqiong3.83±0.05Aa
26.88±0.11Aa
17.12±0.05BCc
50.90±0.16Cc
安雷杂
Angus×Leiqiong2.19±0.13Cc
27.78±1.62Aa
24.22±1.68Ab
57.81±2.80Aa
雷琼
Leiqiong2.93±0.27Bb
25.74±1.99Aa
14.34±3.56Cd
49.63±1.92Bb
1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法)
1) Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)表 3 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代肌肉营养成分含量1)
Table 3 Muscle nutrient contents of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle
品种
Breedw/% w/(mg·kg−1) 水分
Water灰分
Ash蛋白质
Protein脂肪
LipidNa Fe Mn Ca Zn 西雷杂
Simmental×Leiqiong76.37±0.18Aa 1.06±0.04Aa 23.95±0.41Ac 7.39±0.33Cd 776.67±5.78Aa 18.37±0.78Aa 0.14±0.00Aa 64.87±1.42Aa 48.60±0.32Aa 利雷杂
Limousin×Leiqiong71.30±0.06Ab 1.10±0.00Aa 24.46±0.17Abc 57.66±0.69Aa 608.33±1.76Aa 26.40±2.00Aa 0.11±0.00Aa 43.27±0.74Aa 38.60±0.67Aa 安雷杂
Angus×Leiqiong74.80±0.29Aab 1.13±0.03Aa 25.74±0.25Aab 9.59±0.43Cc 559.67±7.88Aa 16.17±2.29Aa 0.14±0.00Aa 54.03±1.68Aa 34.63±0.15Aa 雷琼
Leiqiong71.60±2.18Ab 1.07±0.03Aa 25.85±0.53Aa 25.36±0.42Bb 455.00±56.20Aa 24.17±3.67Aa 0.11±0.01Aa 21.07±4.78Aa 44.23±2.57Aa 1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法)
1) Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)表 4 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代肌肉与鲜味有关的氨基酸含量1)
Table 4 Amino acid contents in muscle related to umami of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle
w/% 品种 Breed 谷氨酸 Glu 甘氨酸 Gly 丙氨酸 Ala 天门冬氨酸 Asp 西雷杂
Simmental×Leiqiong13.03±0.14Ab
4.32±0.01Aa
4.31±0.02ABb
6.94±0.04Bc
利雷杂
Limousin×Leiqiong13.88±0.03Aab
3.01±0.06Bb
4.29±0.02Bb
7.70±0.02Ab
安雷杂
Angus×Leiqiong14.41±0.07Aa
4.34±0.01Aa
5.38±0.02Aa
8.12±0.04Aab
雷琼
Leiqiong14.48±0.10Aa
3.99±0.01Bb
4.85±0.02ABab
8.17±0.04Aa
1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法)
1)Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)表 6 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代肌肉单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量1)
Table 6 Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents in muscle of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle
w/% 品种 Breed 肉豆蔻油酸 Myristoleic acid 棕榈油酸 Palmitoleic acid 油酸 Oleic acid 异油酸 Isooleic acid 西雷杂
Simmental×Leiqiong0.55±0.02Ab
1.51±0.05Bb
27.23±1.67Cc
2.95±0.42Aa
利雷杂
Limousin×Leiqiong1.07±0.01Aa
5.05±0.04Aa
39.11±0.14Aa
0.53±0.05Bc
安雷杂
Angus×Leiqiong0.51±0.01Ab
1.71±0.13Bb
33.32±2.37Bb
1.33±0.17Ab
雷琼
Leiqiong0.69±0.18Ab
3.93±0.68Bb
33.50±2.37Bb
1.73±0.58Ab
1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法)
1) Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)表 7 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量1)
Table 7 Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in muscle of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle
w/% 品种 Breed 亚油酸 Linoleic acid α−亚麻酸 α-linolenic acid 花生四烯酸 Arachidonic acid 西雷杂
Simmental×Leiqiong7.52±0.97Aa
0.68±0.06Bb
2.03±0.22Aa
利雷杂
Limousin×Leiqiong1.48±0.02Bb
0.39±0.02Bc
0.12±0.01Bb
安雷杂
Angus×Leiqiong4.20±0.57Bb
0.81±0.14Bb
0.15±0.01Bb
雷琼
Leiqiong6.60±1.80Aa
1.94±0.55Aa
0.49±0.05Bb
1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法)
1) Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)表 8 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代肌肉必需氨基酸含量1)
Table 8 Essential amino acid contents in muscle of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle
w/% 品种
Breed苏氨酸
Thr缬氨酸
Val亮氨酸
Leu赖氨酸
Lys异亮氨酸
L1e苯丙氨酸
Phe蛋氨酸
Met必需氨基酸
Essential amino acid西雷杂
Simmental×Leiqiong11.34±0.56Ac 12.91±0.31Aa 20.75±0.63Bb 23.64±0.94Bb 11.94±0.51Bb 11.82±0.42Aa 7.48±0.34Aa 88.29±0.53Bb 利雷杂
Limousin×Leiqiong11.70±0.41Ab 12.82±0.41Aa 20.70±0.51Aa 23.40±0.61Aa 12.15±0.45Aa 12.04±0.32Aa 7.20±0.35Aa 88.89±0.35Aa 安雷杂
Angus×Leiqiong11.95±0.22Aa 12.40±0.32Ab 20.74±0.53Aa 23.56±0.73Aa 12.18±0.31Aa 11.95±0.41Aa 7.22±0.41Aa 88.87±0.33Aa 雷琼
Leiqiong11.94±0.31Aa 12.49±0.45Ab 20.92±0.42Aa 23.66±0.53Aa 12.05±0.42Aa 11.39±0.31Aa 7.56±0.32Aa 89.13±0.47Aa 1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法)
1) Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method) -
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