苏打盐碱稻区不同栽培模式水稻产量构成及物质生产比较

王晓炜; 冉成; 张巳奇; 朱晶; 刘丽新; 金峰; 邵玺文

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.201812041

苏打盐碱稻区不同栽培模式水稻产量构成及物质生产比较

Comparations of rice yield compositions and material productions under different cultivation modes in soda saline-alkali rice area

摘要

摘要:
目的探究松嫩平原西部苏打盐碱稻区不同栽培模式下水稻产量构成和物质生产差异，以提高当地水稻产量。

方法以‘吉粳88’为试验材料，设置不施肥(基础)、当地农户栽培(对照)、高产高效栽培和超高产栽培4种栽培模式，比较不同栽培模式下水稻产量形成和物质生产特性。

结果高产高效和超高产栽培均显著提高了水稻拔节期至成熟期的干物质积累量。高产高效和超高产栽培2年的平均产量分别为10.34和12.15 t·hm⁻²，分别比对照提高8.44%和27.45%；有效穗数分别提高3.03%和34.10%；每穗粒数分别提高4.06%和9.37%。

结论栽培技术的集成优化可以促进水稻群体物质生产及转运，优化穗部结构，增加有效穗数和穗粒数，从而大幅度提高松嫩平原西部苏打盐碱稻区的水稻产量。

Abstract:
Objective To explore the differences in rice yield compositions and material productions among different cultivation modes in soda saline-alkali rice area of the western Songnen Plain, and increase local rice yield.

Method Taking ‘Jijing 88’ as the test material, four cultivation modes were setted, including no fertilization (basic), local farmer cultivation (control), high yield and high efficiency cultivation and super high yield cultivation. The yield formations and material production characteristics of rice under four modes were compared and analyzed.

Result High yield and high efficiency cultivation and super high yield cultivation significantly increased dry matter accumulations from jointing stage to maturity stage, with the average yields in two years of 10.34 and 12.15 t·hm⁻² respectively. Compared with the control, the yields increased by 8.44% and 27.45% respectively, the effective panicles increased by 3.03% and 34.10% respectively, and the numbers of spikelets per panicle increased by 4.06% and 9.37% respectively.

Conclusion The integrated and optimized cultivation techniques promote material production and transportation, optimize panicle structure, increase the numbers of effective panicle and spikelets per panicle, and greatly increase rice yield in soda saline-alkaline rice area of the western Songnen Plain.

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