Effects of weeding and fertilization on soil available nutrients under mixed forest of Dalbergia odorifera and Santalum album
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摘要:目的
探讨土壤速效养分对不同抚育措施的响应以及季节变化，以期选择出可以有效改善林地土壤养分状况的抚育措施，为降香黄檀Dalbergia odorifera与檀香Santalum album混交人工林抚育体系的建立提供参考。
方法以珍贵树种降香黄檀与檀香混交林下表层土壤为试验对象，设置4个处理，即对照(CK)、铲草、施肥、铲草+施肥(铲+施)，每处理4次重复，测定土壤速效养分和pH的变化，每季度测定1次。
结果铲草施肥处理后土壤pH无显著变化，但增强了土壤酸碱缓冲性能，减缓土壤pH的季节性波动；土壤速效养分含量受季节和抚育措施变化影响显著，各处理的铵态氮和硝态氮含量均在秋、冬季节出现峰值；铲草、施肥和铲+施处理的全年土壤铵态氮含量较CK分别增加16.87%、8.17%和20.25%；铲草和铲+施处理的土壤硝态氮含量较CK分别增加12.69%和21.45%，施肥处理较CK减少1.81%；铲+施和施肥处理的土壤有效磷含量较CK分别增加50.63%和19.58%，铲草处理较CK减少2.53%；铲草、施肥和铲+施处理的土壤速效钾含量较CK分别增加117.18%、57.91%和142.54%。
结论土壤速效养分含量对铲草施肥抚育措施出现的响应不同，但铲草施肥各措施都促进了土壤中一种或多种速效养分含量的增加，铲+施处理促进了林下土壤速效养分含量的全面增加，对于降香黄檀与檀香混交林来说铲+施处理是一种较为理想的抚育措施，对其生长有较好的促进作用。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the responses of soil available nutrients to different tending measures and seasonal changes of the nutrient contents, select the tending measures that could effectively improve soil nutrient status of woodland, and provide references for tending system establishment of mixed plantation of Dalbergia odorifera and Santalum album.
MethodThe surface soil of the mixed plantation of D. odorifera and S. album was studied. The experiment setted four treatments, including control (CK), weeding, fertilization, weeding+fertilization. Each treatment was repeated four times. Changes of soil available nutrient contents and pH values were measured quarterly.
ResultWeeding and fertilization did not significantly change soil pH, but enhanced acid-base buffering performance of soil in some extent, and slowed the seasonal fluctuation of soil pH value. The soil available nutrient contents were significantly affected by season and tending measure changes. The contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in four treatments peaked in autumn and winter. Compared to CK, the annual ammonium nitrogen contents of soil in weeding, fertilization and weeding+fertilization treatments increased by 16.87%, 8.17% and 20.25% respectively. Soil nitrate nitrogen contents of weeding and weeding+fertilization treatments increased by 12.69% and 21.45% respectively compared with CK, while the content of fertilization treatment decreased by 1.81%. Soil available phosphorus contents of fertilization and weeding+fertilization treatments increased by 19.58% and 50.63% respectively, while the content of weeding treatment decreased by 2.53%. Soil available potassium contents of weeding, fertilization and weeding+fertilization treatments increased by 117.18%, 57.91% and 142.54% respectively.
ConclusionThe soil available nutrients have different responses to tending measures. Weeding and fertilization increases the content of one or more available nutrients in soil, while weeding+fertilization promotes overall increases of soil available nutrient contents under the forest. The weeding+fertilization treatment is an ideal tending measure for D. odorifera and S. album mixed plantation, and it is expected to promote the tree growth well.
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Keywords:
- Dalbergia odorifera /
- Santalum album /
- weeding /
- fertilization /
- available nutrient
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图 1 不同处理的土壤pH季节变化
图中相同处理柱子上方的不同大写字母表示季节间差异显著(P<0.05, Duncan’ s法)
Figure 1. Seasonal variation trends of soil pH in different treatments
Different uppercase letters on the bars of different seasons in the same treatment indicated significant differences(P<0.05, Duncan’ s test)
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图 2 不同处理对土壤铵态氮含量的影响
图中相同季节柱子上方的不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05, Duncan’ s法)
Figure 2. Effects of different treatments on soil ammonium nitrogen content
Different lowercase letters on the bars of the same season indicated significant differences among different treatments(P<0.05, Duncan’ s test)
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图 3 不同处理对土壤硝态氮含量的影响
相同季节柱子上方的不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’ s法)
Figure 3. Effects of different treatments on soil nitrate nitrogen content
Different lowercase letters on the bars of the same season indicated significant differences among different treatments(P<0.05, Duncan’ s test)
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图 4 不同处理对土壤有效磷含量的影响
相同季节柱子上方的不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’ s法)
Figure 4. Effects of different treatments on soil available phosphorus content
Different lowercase letters on the bars of the same season indicated significant differences among different treatments(P<0.05, Duncan’ s test)
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图 5 不同处理对土壤速效钾含量的影响
相同季节柱子上方的不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’ s法)
Figure 5. Effects of different treatments on soil available potassium content
Different lowercase letters on the bars of the same season indicated significant differences among different treatments(P<0.05, Duncan’ s test)
表 1 土壤理化性质
Table 1 Soil physical and chemical properties
土层/cm
Soil layerpH w/(g·kg−1) w/(mg·kg−1) 有机质
Organic matter全氮
Total nitrogen全磷
Total phosphorus全钾
Total potassium水解氮
Hydrolyzed nitrogen速效磷
Available phosphorus速效钾
Available potassium0~10 4.26 28.35 1.01 0.46 5.20 132.480 43.91 59.69 10~20 4.37 18.36 1.08 0.32 4.88 87.285 24.61 37.81 20~40 4.32 13.08 0.63 0.24 5.63 63.825 10.86 23.21 
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表 2 土壤各指标相关性分析1)
Table 2 Correlation analyses of soil indexes
指标
IndexpH 铵态氮
Ammonium nitrogen硝态氮
Nitrate nitrogen有效磷
Available phosphorus速效钾
Available potassiumpH 1 铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen −0.023 1 硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen −0.347** −0.028 1 有效磷 Available phosphorus 0.229 −0.248* −0.122 1 速效钾 Available potassium 0.343** 0.443** 0.301* −0.05 1 1)“*”和“**”分别表示相关性达到0.05和0.01的显著水平
1)“*”and“**”indicated significant correlation at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively
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