施氮量对低谷蛋白水稻产量及品质的影响

兰艳; 黄曌; 隋晓东; 龚静; 涂云彪; 孙影影; 伍鑫; 丁春邦; 李天

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.201810048

施氮量对低谷蛋白水稻产量及品质的影响

Effects of nitrogen application rate on yield andquality of low-gluten rice

摘要

摘要:
目的探明施氮量对低谷蛋白水稻Oryza sativa产量及品质的影响。

方法在大田栽培条件下，设置5个施氮处理，N0、N1、N2、N3和N4处理的施氮量分别为0、90、135、180和225 kg·hm⁻²，研究不同氮肥水平对低谷蛋白水稻‘ER22’产量、籽粒蛋白质组分含量和比例、以及稻米品质的影响。

结果在施氮量为0~180 kg·hm⁻²的范围内，有效穗数、结实率、实粒数和水稻产量随着施氮量的增加而逐渐增加；但在N4处理下，结实率与实粒数均下降，导致产量降低。花后7~35 d，‘ER22’籽粒总蛋白含量及各组分蛋白含量均随着施氮量的增加而增加，但各组分蛋白的比例不变；花后35 d籽粒清蛋白和球蛋白含量在N2、N3和N4处理间差异均不显著，而醇溶蛋白含量则在N2、N3和N4处理间差异均显著，谷蛋白含量在N3和N4处理间无显著差异。‘ER22’稻米的食味品质在N1和N2处理下表现良好，N3处理的稻米加工品质最好，N4处理的稻米综合品质降低。

结论实现低谷蛋白水稻‘ER22’高产优质的适宜施氮范围在135 ~180 kg·hm⁻²之间。

Abstract:
Objective To study the effect of nitrogen application rate on yield and quality of low-gluten rice (Oryza sativa).

Method Five nitrogen treatments were set under field cultivation conditions. The nitrogen application amounts of N0 (Control), N1, N2, N3 and N4 treatments were 0, 90, 135, 180 and 225 kg·hm⁻² respectively. Low-gluten rice ‘ER22’ was used as material. The effects of different nitrogen levels on the yield, grain protein contents and proportion, and grain quality of ‘ER22’ were analyzed.

Result Within the range of 0−180 kg·hm⁻² for nitrogen application, the number of effective panicles, seed setting rate, number of solid grains and rice yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount. Under N4 treatment, the seed setting rate and number of solid grains decreased leading to rice yield decline. The contents of total protein and each protein component of ‘ER22’ grain increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount during 0−35 d after flowering. Grain albumin and globulin contents in N2, N3 and N4 treatments at 35 d after flowering were not significantly different, while prolamin contents of N2, N3 and N4 treatments were significantly different. There was no significant difference of gluten content under N3 and N4 treatments. The taste quality of ‘ER22’ grain was good under N1 and N2 treatments. The processing quality was the best under N3 treatment. The overall quality of rice decreased under N4 treatment.

Conclusion The suitable nitrogen application amounts for producing high-yield and high-quality low-gluten rice ‘ER22’ range from 135 kg·hm⁻² to 180 kg·hm⁻².

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