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    广东省水稻秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放的时空分布特征

    Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutants from open burning of rice straw in Guangdong Province

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的  了解广东省水稻秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放情况，为水稻秸秆的资源化利用以及大气污染治理提供一定的参考。
      方法  基于广东省历年的稻谷产量、草谷比、水稻秸秆焚烧比例和焚烧效率指标，利用排放因子法估算了1990—2016年间广东省水稻秸秆产量及露天焚烧大气污染物的排放量，利用ArcGIS10.2软件分析了大气污染物排放的时空分布特征。
      结果  1990—2016年间，广东省水稻秸秆资源量呈“下降−上升−下降−上升”的变化趋势，整体上由1990年的1 687 万t下降到2016年的1 087 万t，年平均减少率为1.7%。研究期间，PM、BC、OC、SO2、NOx、CH4、CO和CO2的排放量分别减少了8 800、200、5 200、1 100、800、2 900、106 500和2 585 800 t，减少率分别为48.09%、50.00%、48.60%、50.00%、50.00%、48.33%、48.45%和48.45%。广东省各地区水稻秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放量的空间分布表现出不均衡性，1990年，茂名、阳江、肇庆、广州、惠州、河源、汕尾、揭阳及潮州市的排放量较大，PM的排放总量均在1 000 t以上；2000年，大部分地市的PM排放量均在1 000 t以上；2010—2016年间，除揭阳市外，PM的排放量均低于1 000 t 。
      结论  1990—2000年，除粤北的部分县(市、区)外，广东省大部分地区的大气污染物排放强度均较高；2010年前，大气污染物排放的高值区主要集中在湛江、茂名、阳江、肇庆、梅州、惠州、揭阳以及潮州市；2016年，排放强度高的地区仅集中在粤西和粤东地区的小部分县(市、区)。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective  To understand the emission of air pollutants from open burning of rice straw in Guangdong province, and provide certain reference for utilization of rice straw resources and control of air pollutant.
      Method  Based on the statistical data of rice yield, the ratio of straw to grain, combustion ratio and efficiency of rice straw in Guangdong province from 1990 to 2016, we calculated rice straw yield and air pollutant emission from open burning of rice straw using the emission factor method. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutant emission were analyzed using the ArcGIS 10.2 software.
      Result  From 1990 to 2016, the total amount of rice straw resources in Guangdong Province showed a trend of “decline-rise-decline-rise”, which decreased from 16.87 million tons in 1990 to 10.87 million tons in 2016 with an average annual decrease rate of 1.7%. During the period, the amounts of PM, BC, OC, SO2, NOx, NH4, CO and CO2 emissions decreased by 8 800, 200, 5 200, 1 100, 800, 2 900, 106 500 and 2 585 800 tons, respectively. Their decrease rates were 48.09%, 50.00%, 48.60%, 50.00%, 50.00%, 48.33%, 48.45% and 48.45%, respectively. The spatial distribution of total amount of pollutant emission from open burning of rice straw was unbalanced in different regions of Guangdong province. In 1990, the amounts of PM pollutant emissions were greater than 1 000 t in Maoming, Yangjiang, Zhaoqing, Guangzhou, Huizhou, Heyuan, Shanwei Jieyang and Chaozhou. In 2000, the PM pollutant emissions were above 1 000 t in most cities of Guangdong province. From 2010 to 2016, except for Jieyang, PM pollutant emissions were below 1 000 t.
      Conclusion  From 1990 to 2000, except for some counties in northern Guangdong, the pollutant emission intensity are high in most cities of Guangdong province. The high value areas of pollutant emission before 2010 are mainly concentrated in Zhanjiang, Maoming, Yangjiang, Zhaoqing, Meizhou, Huizhou, Jieyang and Chaozhou. In 2016, the high intensity of pollutant emission was only concentrated in a small number of counties in western and eastern Guangdong.

       

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