Effect of EM on cutting growth characteristics and soil microecology of patchouli under continuous cropping condition
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摘要:目的
为了缓解广藿香Pogostemon cablin连作引起的减产减质的情况，探究EM菌在广藿香连作中的应用潜力。
方法设计5个处理组(EM菌以体积分数计)：园土(对照土)、重茬土、重茬土+ 0.1% EM菌活性液、重茬土+ 0.8% EM菌活性液以及重茬土+ 1.6% EM菌活性液，并采用盆栽试验探究重茬土中添加EM菌对广藿香扦插苗生长特性以及根际微生态的影响。
结果在培养基质中添加EM菌活性液的处理组较单一重茬土的根长、株高、鲜质量、根系活力以及叶绿素含量均显著升高，且土壤细菌和放线菌数量增加，土壤真菌数量减少，土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶以及多酚氧化酶活性均显著提高。其中，0.8% EM菌活性液对广藿香扦插苗的生长特性以及根际微生态的影响最显著，株高、鲜质量、根长、根系活力及总叶绿素含量较重茬土分别升高70.34%、195.32%、101.52%、156.84%和195.33%；0.8% EM处理的土壤细菌和放线菌数量在培育第40天达到高峰，土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性在培育第40天达到峰值，较重茬土分别升高81.46%、54.26%和137.90%。
结论在广藿香连作地块添加EM菌能够有效缓解连作障碍问题，可作为广藿香连作栽培中良好添加物。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo alleviate reductions in yield and quality caused by continuous cropping of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), and explore the application potential of effective microorganisms (EM) in continuous cropping of patchouli.
MethodWe designed five treatment groups (EM were counted by volume faction): Garden soil (control soil), continuous cropping soil, continuous cropping soil + 0.1% EM, continuous cropping soil + 0.8% EM, and continuous cropping soil + 1.6% EM. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of EM addition on growth characteristics and soil microecology of patchouli cuttings.
ResultCompared with the treatment of only continuous cropping soil, the root length, plant height, fresh weight, root activity and chlorophyll content of treatment groups with EM addition were significantly higher, the numbers of soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased, the number of fungi decreased, and soil urease, sucrase and polyphenol oxidase activities increased significantly. The 0.8% EM treatment had the most significant effect on the growth characteristics and soil microecology of patchouli cutting seedlings, and plant height, fresh weight, root length, root activity and total chlorophyll content increased by 70.34%, 195.32%, 101.52%, 156.84% and 195.33% respectively. In the 0.8% EM treatment, the numbers of soil bacteria and actinomycetes peaked on the 40th day of cultivation, and soil urease, sucrase and polyphenol oxidase activities also peaked on the 40th day of cultivation, which were 81.46%, 54.26% and 137.90% higher than those in the treatment of only continuous cropping soil.
ConclusionEM can effectively alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of patchouli, and can be used as a good additive in the continuous cropping of patchouli.
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图 1 EM菌处理对广藿香扦插苗根际土壤酶活性的影响
各图中，相同培养时间的不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05, LSD 法)
Figure 1. Effect of EM treatment on enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of Pogostemon cablin cutting seedlings
In each figure, different lowercase letters of the same cultivation time indicate significant difference (P<0.05, LSD test)
表 1 不同培养基质比例
Table 1 Ratios of different culture substrates
处理
Treatmentφ (EM菌)/%
EM content培育土
Cultivation soilCK 0 园土 Garden soil 0% EM 0 重茬土 Continuous cropping soil 0.1% EM 0.1 重茬土 Continuous cropping soil 0.8% EM 0.8 重茬土 Continuous cropping soil 1.6% EM 1.6 重茬土 Continuous cropping soil 
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表 2 EM菌处理对广藿香扦插苗农艺性状的影响1)
Table 2 Effect of EM treatment on agronomic traits of Pogostemon cablin cutting seedlings
处理
Treatment株高/cm
Plant height鲜质量/g
Fresh weight根长/cm
Root length根系活力/(mg·g–1·h–1)
Root vitalityw(总叶绿素)/(mg·g–1)
Total chlorophyll contentCK 16.10±3.15a 9.86±0.98c 10.17±2.01a 2.16±0.12a 2.38±0.12a 0% EM 11.80±2.87b 5.34±0.59d 6.60±3.54b 0.95±0.17c 1.07±0.21b 0.1% EM 14.45±2.01a 9.83±0.57c 9.16±3.67a 1.36±0.24b 2.33±0.20a 0.8% EM 20.10±3.90a 15.77±0.97a 13.30±4.11a 2.44±0.14a 3.16±0.12a 1.6% EM 17.00±3.21a 13.06±0.65b 11.80±3.97a 2.37±0.30a 2.76±0.17a 1) 同列数据后的不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05，LSD 法)
1) Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05,LSD test)
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表 3 EM菌处理对广藿香扦插苗根际土壤微生物种群数量的影响1)
Table 3 Effect of EM treatment on the microbial population inrhizosphere soil of Pogostemon cablin cutting seedlings
微生物
Microorganism处理
Treatmentt处理/d Treatment time 0 20 40 60 细菌(×107 cfu·g–1)
BacteriaCK 2.03±0.08b 2.15±0.05c 2.25±0.04b 2.20±0.07b 0% EM 1.16±0.05e 1.28±0.03e 1.45±0.04e 1.44±0.03e 0.1% EM 1.84±0.07d 1.95±0.04d 2.19±0.03c 2.06±0.05c 0.8% EM 1.93±0.06c 2.69±0.05b 3.30±0.04a 2.93±0.04a 1.6% EM 2.14±0.04a 2.95±0.06a 2.13±0.05d 1.80±0.03d 真菌(×104 cfu·g–1)
FungusCK 5.61±0.50e 6.25±0.43e 6.82±0.70e 6.91±0.44e 0% EM 8.06±0.49b 9.48±0.63a 11.7±0.54a 12.4±0.49b 0.1% EM 7.55±0.32d 9.33±0.49c 9.93±0.43c 13.0±0.32a 0.8% EM 7.93±0.42c 8.37±0.45d 8.66±0.44d 9.07±0.42d 1.6% EM 8.37±0.41a 9.41±0.39b 10.1±0.70b 10.6±0.49c 放线菌(×106 cfu·g–1)
ActinomycetesCK 1.51±0.04b 1.62±0.05c 1.71±0.07c 1.70±0.07b 0% EM 0.83±0.06e 0.86±0.05e 1.10±0.04e 1.07±0.08e 0.1% EM 1.00±0.04d 1.33±0.03d 1.45±0.04d 1.26±0.04c 0.8% EM 1.37±0.04c 1.86±0.05b 2.65±0.06a 2.08±0.04a 1.6% EM 1.53±0.05a 2.12±0.03a 1.83±0.06b 1.23±0.05d 1) 同种微生物同列数据后的不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05，LSD 法)
1) Different lowercase letters of the same microorganism in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05,LSD test)
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