种稻年限对苏打盐碱土理化性质及真菌群落的影响

    Effects of rice planting years on physicochemical property and fungi community in soda saline-alkali soil

    • 摘要:
      目的  研究不同种稻年限对苏打盐碱土理化性质及真菌群落的影响,为盐碱地改良提供理论依据。
      方法  以分别种植水稻1年、3年、5年、15年、20年和50年的苏打盐碱地土壤为研究对象,通过常规分析和IlluminaMiSeq平台测序分析,对不同种稻年限苏打盐碱土基本理化性质及真菌在ITS1+ITS2区域的丰度和多样性进行研究。
      结果  随种稻年限增加,苏打盐碱土的pH、电导率、总碱度以及水溶性盐分总量均显著下降;有机质和微生物量碳含量显著增加;全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量随种稻年限增加呈升高趋势;速效磷含量先显著增加,在种稻20年时达最大值,之后略有下降;速效钾含量没有明显变化规律。种稻1年、3年、5年、15年、20年和50年的土壤中获得的真菌有效序列数量分别为56 942、42 482、45 987、92 214、64 665与68 515,包括5门12纲25目26科45属59种,其中枝孢菌属Cladosporium、霍特曼尼菌属Holtermanniella和马氏链球菌属Massariosphaeria为优势菌属,相对丰度均大于2%。α多样性指数随种稻年限增加先增大后逐渐减小,种稻5年时最大。土壤pH、电导率、总碱度、水溶性盐分总量和速效钾含量是影响种稻后苏打盐碱土真菌群落结构的主要环境因素。
      结论  种植水稻可以明显改变苏打盐碱土基本理化性质和真菌群落结构,促进苏打盐碱土的改良。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective  To investigate the effects of different rice planting years on physicochemical properties and fungi communities of soda saline-alkali soil, and provide a theoretical basis for saline-alkali soil improvement.
      Method  Soda alkali-saline soil that had been planted with rice for 1, 3, 5, 15, 20 and 50 years respectively were chosen as research objects. The routine analysis and IlluminaMiSeq platform sequencing analysis were conducted to study the basic soil physicochemical properties, richness and diversity of fungi in ITS1+ITS2 domain in soda saline-alkali soil with different rice planting year.
      Result  With the increase of rice planting year, pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity and water soluble total salt of saline-alkali soil decreased significantly; soil organic matter and microbial biomass carbon contents increased significantly; total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents presented increasing trends; available phosphorus increased significantly first, reaching the maximum in the treatment of planting rice for 20 years, then decreased slightly; and available potassium content had no obvious changing pattern. The effective sequence numbers of fungi obtained in soil with 1-, 3-, 5-, 15-, 20- and 50- year rice planting periods were 56 942, 42 482, 45 987, 92 214, 64 665 and 68 515, including five phyla, 12 classes, 25 orders, 26 families, 45 genera and 59 species. Cladosporium, Holtermanniella and Massariosphaeria were dominant with relative abundance more than 2%. The α diversity indexes first increased and then decreased with the extension of rice planting years, reaching the largest in soil planted with rice for five years. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, water soluble total salt and available potassium contents were the main environmental factors affecting fungi communities of soda alkali-saline soil after planting rice.
      Conclusion  Planting rice can siginificantly change the basic physicochemical properties and fungi community structures of soda alkali-saline soil, and promote soil improvement.

       

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