Effects of NaCl stress on element contents and accumulations of four landscape plant species
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摘要:目的
探讨NaCl胁迫对大红花Hibiscus rosa-sinensis、龙船花Ixora chinensis、鹅掌藤Schefflera arboricola和朱蕉Cordyline fruticosa元素含量和贮量的影响，为盐胁迫下的植物养分管理提供科学依据。
方法选取上述4种园林植物为材料,采用模拟盐胁迫环境的方法，设置w为0(对照)、0.3%和0.6% NaCl胁迫水平，分析4种园林植物的Na、Cl、N、P和K含量及贮量。
结果各植物不同器官的Na、Cl、N、P和K质量分数分别为0.30~19.66、0.12~25.79、5.72~23.86、0.92~2.86和6.77~26.67 g·kg–1。NaCl胁迫使各器官的Na和Cl含量大幅度增加。大红花、龙船花各器官的N含量均随NaCl胁迫浓度增加而显著升高，鹅掌藤和朱蕉各器官的N含量、4种园林植物各器官的P含量及叶片和茎的K含量变化无明显规律，4种园林植物根的K含量均减少。NaCl胁迫增加了4种园林植物各器官的Na贮量(鹅掌藤的根除外)，增加了大红花、龙船花和朱蕉各器官的Cl贮量，NaCl胁迫减少了大红花根以外的植物各器官的N贮量及4种植物的P和K贮量。NaCl胁迫后，Na和Cl贮量的变化幅度比N、P和K大，且主要集中在叶和茎。除朱蕉的根以外，所有植物器官的K+/Na+含量比均随NaCl胁迫浓度的增加而降低，且除龙船花以外的其他植物叶和根的K+/Na+含量比下降幅度小于茎，大红花和鹅掌藤的各器官K+/Na+含量比下降幅度小于龙船花和朱蕉。
结论本研究的4种园林植物中，大红花和鹅掌藤抵御盐害的能力较强。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of NaCl stress on element contents and accumulations of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Ixora chinensis, Schefflera arboricola and Cordyline fruticosa,
and provide a scientific basis for nutrient management of plants under NaCl stress. MethodThe above four landscape plant species were selected as materials and treated by three NaCl concentrations (0, 0.3% and 0.6%) to analyze the contents and accumulations of Na, Cl, N, P, and K in these plants.
ResultThe contents of Na, Cl, N, P, and K in different organs of above landscape plants ranged from 0.30 to 19.66, 0.12 to 25.79, 5.72 to 23.86, 0.92 to 2.86 and 6.77 to 26.67 g·kg–1, respectively. NaCl stress greatly increased Na and Cl contents in different organs of four species. N contents in all organs of H. rosa-sinensis and I. chinensis significantly increased with the increase of NaCl stress concentration. N contents in all organs of S. arboricola and C. fruticosa, P contents in all organs and K contents in leaves and stems of four species varied irregularly. K contents in roots of four species decreased. NaCl stress increased Na accumulations in all organs of four species (except that in roots of S. arboricola), and Cl accumulations in all organs of H. rosa-sinensis, I. chinensisand C. fruticosa, and decreased N accumulations in all organs of four species except that in roots of H. rosa-sinensis, and P and K accumulations of four species. The change ranges of Na and Cl accumulations were greater than those of N, P and K under NaCl stress, and Na and Cl mainly accumulated in leaves and stems. The ratios of K+/Na+ in all plant organs decreased with the increase of NaCl stress concentration except that in roots of C. fruticosa. The decrease ranges of K+/Na+ ratio in leaves and roots of H. rosa-sinensis, S. arboricolaand C. fruticosa were less than those in stems, while those in all organs ofH. rosa-sinensisand S. arboricolawere less compared with I. chinensisandC. fruticosa.
ConclusionIn these four landscape plants, H. rosa-sinensis and S. arboricola have relatively stronger salt-resistance abilities.
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Keywords:
- NaCl stress /
- landscape plant /
- element content /
- accumulation
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表 1 4种园林植物的基本情况
Table 1 General characteristics of four landscape plant species
园林植物 地径/cm 冠幅/cm 苗高/cm 大红花 0.43±0.05 26.5±6.28 18.0±2.91 龙船花 0.45±0.04 24.5±4.90 15.9±2.28 鹅掌藤 0.69±0.10 20.1±4.07 19.8±2.97 朱蕉 0.85±0.19 40.7±5.85 37.0±5.87 
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表 2 NaCl胁迫条件下4种园林植物各器官的单株干质量
Table 2 Dry mass of different organs per plant in four landscape plant species under NaCl stress
园林植物 w(NaCl)/% 单株干质量/g 叶 茎 根 地上部分 全株 大红花 0(CK) 1.76±0.07 1.70±0.08 0.63±0.01 3.46±0.28 4.09±0.40 0.3 1.35±0.02 1.09±0.01 0.60±0.01 2.45±0.06 3.04±0.09 0.6 1.06±0.02 0.86±0.01 0.44±0.02 1.92±0.05 2.36±0.08 龙船花 0(CK) 3.13±0.21 1.84±0.09 0.95±0.02 4.98±0.83 5.92±1.10 0.3 1.20±0.04 0.82±0.02 0.45±0.01 2.02±0.12 2.47±0.17 0.6 1.15±0.05 0.87±0.01 0.40±0.01 2.02±0.12 2.42±0.17 鹅掌藤 0(CK) 6.25±0.91 2.13±0.08 2.41±0.15 8.38±1.38 10.80±2.22 0.3 4.72±0.46 0.72±0.01 1.27±0.05 5.44±0.54 6.71±0.85 0.6 4.25±0.41 0.60±0.01 0.93±0.11 4.85±0.54 5.78±0.70 朱蕉 0(CK) 4.34±0.57 2.22±0.12 3.00±0.29 6.56±1.10 9.56±2.11 0.3 2.34±0.31 1.49±0.04 1.65±0.10 3.83±0.26 5.48±0.56 0.6 2.29±0.30 1.47±0.09 1.85±0.05 3.76±0.34 5.61±0.61
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表 3 NaCl胁迫条件下4种园林植物叶、茎和根的元素含量1)
Table 3 Element contents in leaves, stems and roots of four landscape plant species under NaCl stress
园林植物 w(NaCl)/% w叶/(g·kg–1) Na Cl N P K 大红花 0(CK) 9.25±0.08c 10.43±0.12c 20.34±0.09c 2.64±0.00a 24.39±0.32a 0.3 14.84±0.16b 19.47±0.06b 21.77±0.05b 2.48±0.02b 18.28±0.20c 0.6 19.66±0.19a 25.79±0.16a 23.86±0.01a 2.33±0.01c 19.59±0.14b 龙船花 0(CK) 2.15±0.05c 4.33±0.09c 13.66±0.04c 0.92±0.00b 10.38±0.11b 0.3 8.22±0.12b 13.58±0.08b 14.92±0.07b 1.24±0.02a 11.37±0.39a 0.6 12.79±0.14a 23.67±0.25a 15.48±0.17a 1.25±0.00a 11.32±0.12a 鹅掌藤 0(CK) 0.93±0.02c 4.38±0.05b 11.24±0.21c 1.28±0.00c 14.10±0.08b 0.3 2.43±0.03b 7.87±0.07a 13.55±0.20a 1.46±0.01b 16.40±0.18a 0.6 2.73±0.11a 7.51±0.33a 12.80±0.21b 1.51±0.01a 14.25±0.13b 朱蕉 0(CK) 0.30±0.00c 11.94±0.07c 17.68±0.28a 2.36±0.01a 20.19±0.18b 0.3 3.75±0.15b 22.40±0.19b 17.47±0.19a 2.06±0.02b 25.45±0.33a 0.6 7.64±0.08a 30.71±0.20a 17.41±0.14a 2.37±0.01a 25.58±0.26a 园林植物 w(NaCl)/% w茎/(g·kg–1) Na Cl N P K 大红花 0(CK) 1.03±0.03b 4.07±0.09c 7.41±0.16b 2.12±0.01a 18.63±0.17a 0.3 3.84±0.09a 7.44±0.04b 9.32±0.16a 2.14±0.03a 18.77±0.04a 0.6 3.87±0.07a 9.30±0.33a 9.54±0.07a 1.74±0.02b 17.41±0.34b 龙船花 0(CK) 0.81±0.02c 2.80±0.06b 8.84±0.01c 1.57±0.01c 10.44±0.30b 0.3 4.69±0.07b 9.58±0.08a 9.42±0.10b 2.86±0.02a 11.97±0.09a 0.6 8.52±0.13a 13.86±0.03b 11.60±0.17a 2.75±0.02b 10.67±0.37b 鹅掌藤 0(CK) 1.38±0.03c 7.21±0.05c 6.14±0.08c 2.36±0.03c 23.75±0.27c 0.3 5.63±0.16a 12.74±0.05b 8.73±0.16a 3.05±0.02a 26.67±0.17a 0.6 7.79±0.06b 20.28±0.19a 8.40±0.06b 2.45±0.03b 25.24±0.11b 朱蕉 0(CK) 1.06±0.02c 1.76±0.06c 5.72±0.16c 2.35±0.03a 12.61±0.32a 0.3 5.16±0.08b 12.01±0.08b 7.33±0.17b 1.88±0.02c 10.60±0.28b 0.6 8.09±0.05a 17.75±0.02a 7.81±0.06a 1.96±0.04b 10.68±0.18b 园林植物 w(NaCl)/% w根/(g·kg–1) Na Cl N P K 大红花 0(CK) 3.13±0.11c 3.48±0.11c 9.87±0.02c 1.92±0.02a 20.63±0.34a 0.3 5.47±0.07b 6.55±0.18b 10.61±0.13b 1.82±0.01b 12.11±0.06b 0.6 6.26±0.08a 7.21±0.10a 11.45±0.11a 1.76±0.02c 12.05±0.14b 龙船花 0(CK) 0.91±0.02c 0.12±0.01c 12.69±0.05c 1.95±0.04c 12.23±0.13a 0.3 5.19±0.07b 5.73±0.05b 13.53±0.18b 2.73±0.03a 10.49±0.05b 0.6 9.11±0.07a 15.29±0.38a 14.25±0.16a 2.03±0.01b 12.07±0.18a 鹅掌藤 0(CK) 3.37±0.29c 4.85±0.02c 9.13±0.02c 1.53±0.02b 18.67±0.16a 0.3 6.32±0.10a 5.43±0.08b 10.53±0.15b 1.77±0.04a 17.66±0.28b 0.6 6.51±0.14a 9.77±0.18a 11.32±0.06a 1.58±0.01b 15.25±0.20c 朱蕉 0(CK) 1.75±0.03c 0.12±0.01c 7.45±0.12c 2.24±0.02a 11.28±0.30a 0.3 3.84±0.10b 6.16±0.13b 7.89±0.02b 1.33±0.02c 6.77±0.12c 0.6 4.58±0.28a 10.77±0.09a 9.37±0.17a 1.58±0.00b 8.52±0.04b 1)同树种同指标的同列数据后，凡具有一个相同字母者表示差异不显著(P>0.05，Duncan’s法)
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表 4 NaCl胁迫条件下4种园林植物各器官的K+/Na+ 含量比1)
Table 4 The ratios of K+/Na+ in different organs of four landscape plant species under NaCl stress
园林植物 w(NaCl)/% 叶 茎 根 大红花 0(CK) 2.64a 18.12a 6.59a 0.3 1.23b 4.89b 2.21b 0.6 1.00c 4.50b 1.92b 龙船花 0(CK) 4.83a 12.93a 13.39a 0.3 1.38b 2.55b 2.02b 0.6 0.89c 1.25c 1.33b 鹅掌藤 0(CK) 15.20b 17.26a 5.53a 0.3 6.76a 4.73b 2.79b 0.6 5.21a 3.24c 2.34b 朱蕉 0(CK) 54.53a 11.87a 6.44a 0.3 18.50b 2.06b 1.76b 0.6 4.07c 1.32c 1.86b 1)同种植物的同列数据后，凡是具有一个相同小写字母者表示差异不显著(P>0.05，Duncan’s法)
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表 5 NaCl胁迫条件下4种园林植物各器官的Na和Cl的贮量1)
Table 5 Na and Cl accumulations in different organs of four landscape plant species under NaCl stress
园林植物 w(NaCl)/% Na贮量/(g·m–2) Cl贮量/(g·m–2) 叶 茎 根 叶 茎 根 大红花 0(CK) 0.27c 0.03b 0.03a 0.31b 0.12a 0.04b 0.3 0.33b 0.07a 0.05a 0.44a 0.14a 0.07a 0.6 0.35a 0.06a 0.05a 0.45a 0.13a 0.05b 龙船花 0(CK) 0.11c 0.02c 0.01c 0.23c 0.09c 0.01c 0.3 0.16b 0.06b 0.04b 0.27b 0.13b 0.04b 0.6 0.25a 0.12a 0.06a 0.46a 0.20a 0.10a 鹅掌藤 0(CK) 0.10b 0.05b 0.14a 0.46c 0.26a 0.20a 0.3 0.19a 0.07a 0.13a 0.62a 0.15c 0.11c 0.6 0.19a 0.08a 0.10b 0.53b 0.20b 0.15b 朱蕉 0(CK) 0.02c 0.04c 0.09c 0.86b 0.07c 0.01c 0.3 0.15b 0.13b 0.11b 0.87b 0.30b 0.17b 0.6 0.29a 0.20a 0.14a 1.17a 0.43a 0.33b 1)同种植物的同列数据后，凡是具有一个相同小写字母者表示差异不显著(P>0.05，Duncan’s法)
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表 6 NaCl胁迫条件下4种园林植物各器官的N、P和K贮量1)
Table 6 N，P and K accumulations in different organs of four landscape plant species under NaCl stress
园林植物 w(NaCl)/% N贮量/(g·m–2) P贮量/(g·m–2) K贮量/(g·m–2) 叶 茎 根 叶 茎 根 叶 茎 根 大红花 0(CK) 0.60a 0.21a 0.10a 0.08a 0.06a 0.02a 0.72a 0.53a 0.22a 0.3 0.49b 0.17b 0.11a 0.06b 0.04b 0.02a 0.41b 0.34b 0.12b 0.6 0.42c 0.14c 0.08a 0.04c 0.02b 0.01b 0.35c 0.25b 0.09c 龙船花 0(CK) 0.71a 0.27a 0.20a 0.05a 0.05a 0.03a 0.54a 0.32a 0.19a 0.3 0.30b 0.13b 0.10b 0.02b 0.04b 0.02b 0.23b 0.16b 0.08b 0.6 0.30b 0.17c 0.09c 0.02b 0.04c 0.01c 0.22b 0.15b 0.08b 鹅掌藤 0(CK) 1.17a 0.22a 0.37a 0.13a 0.08a 0.06a 1.47a 0.84a 0.75a 0.3 1.07b 0.10b 0.22b 0.11a 0.04b 0.04b 1.29b 0.32b 0.37b 0.6 0.91b 0.08b 0.18b 0.11a 0.02b 0.02b 1.01b 0.25c 0.24c 朱蕉 0(CK) 1.28a 0.21a 0.37a 0.17a 0.09a 0.11a 1.46a 0.47a 0.56a 0.3 0.68b 0.18b 0.22b 0.08b 0.05b 0.04b 0.99b 0.26b 0.19c 0.6 0.66b 0.19b 0.29b 0.09b 0.05b 0.05b 0.98b 0.26b 0.26b 1)同种植物的同列数据后，凡是具有一个相同小写字母者表示差异不显著(P>0.05，Duncan’s法)
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