Marker-assisted selection of RYR1gene in Pietrain pig population
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摘要:目的
探索氟烷基因(RYR1)在皮特兰猪群体中的辅助选择育种方法，以提高猪群的猪肉质量。
方法利用PCR-RFLP的方法检测509头皮特兰猪中RYR1基因的等位基因频率，利用回归模型分析基因型与选育性状之间的相关性，采用Bootstrap方法分析等位基因频率与选育性状的相关性。
结果在皮特兰猪群体中RYR1基因优势等位基因(N)频率占81.73%。NN基因型个体在日增质量方面表现明显优势，在背膘EBV、父系指数及母系指数中Nn基因型个体表现较好，nn基因型个体在肢蹄方面表现好于其他2种基因型。n等位基因频率达19%时，选育性状表现平衡；大于19%时，则瘦肉率较高，背膘较薄，体型较好；小于19%时，则生长速度较快。
结论若皮特兰猪选育方向更注重瘦肉率、背膘厚、体型外貌等，可不优化RYR1基因；若是更注重生长速度、饲养抗应激、屠宰后肉质等方面的性状改良，则建议全面纯化皮特兰猪群体至RYR1基因优势等位基因纯合。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo develop marker-assisted selection(MAS) technology of RYR1 gene in breeding of Pietrain pig populations, and improve pork quality in pig populations.
MethodPCR-RFLP assay was used to detect the allele frequency of RYR1gene in 509 Pietrain pigs. The correlation between genotype and phenotype was analyzed using regression model. The correlation between allele frequency and phenotype was analyzed using the Bootstrap method.
ResultThe predominant allele (N) frequency ofRYR1 gene was 81.73% in the Pietrain pig population. The pigs with NN genotype had better performance in daily gain, the pigs with Nn genotype were better in backfat EBV, maternal and paternal indexes, and the pigs with nn genotype were better in limb trait. Breeding performance was in balance when n allele frequency was 19%. When n allele frequency was above 19%, the pigs had higher lean meat content, thinner backfat, and better body shape. When n allele frequency was below 19%, the pigs had higher growth rate.
ConclusionWhen body shape, lean meat content, back fat thickness were more important goals for Pietrain pig breeding, it is suggested to increase n allele frequency in the population. When growth rate, anti-stress, and meat quality after slaughter are more important goals for breeding, it is suggested to purify the predominant allele (N) of RYR1gene in the population.
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Keywords:
- RYR1gene /
- Pietrain pig /
- marker assisted selection /
- genotype /
- allele frequency
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图 1 皮特兰猪群体氟烷等位基因频率与生产性状的相关性
Figure 1. The relationship between RYR1 allele frequency and production trait in Pietrain pig population
表 1 氟烷基因型对皮特兰猪生长性状的关系1)
Table 1 The relationship between RYR1genotype and growth performance in Pietrain pigs
表型 NN型 Nn型 nn型 P 背膘EBV –0.26±0.58a –0.45±0.51b –0.28±0.32ab 0.007 2*** 肢蹄评分 7.45±0.76ab 7.66±0.72a 8.25±0.35a 0.017 3** 校正30~100 kg日增质量/g 846.28±80.33a 833.50±76.53a 703.23±100.57b 0.018 8** 母系指数 113.66±16.14a 117.01±15.71a 97.77±6.96a 0.031 2* 父系指数 113.66±16.14a 117.01±15.71a 97.77±6.96a 0.031 2* 体高/cm 56.86±3.15a 57.59±3.10a 60.00±0.00a 0.055 8 校正100 kg背膘厚/mm 11.18±1.32a 10.88±1.40a 10.07±0.33a 0.087 9 校正100 kg体质量日龄 156.61±8.83a 157.12±8.72a 169.66±9.61a 0.106 0 出生质量/kg 1.64±0.32a 1.67±0.34a 1.90±0.27a 0.340 0 体长/cm 111.54±3.77a 112.03±3.84a 113.00±0.00a 0.465 0 校正100 kg瘦肉率/% 67.58±1.81a 67.63±1.94a 68.15±0.78a 0.886 0 1)表中数据为平均值±标准差；“*”、“**”和“***”分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001的水平显著相关；同行数据后凡具有一个相同小写字母者，表示不同基因型间差异不显著(P>0.05，Tukey法) 
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