Study on pelletization characteristics of Flammulina velutipes residues
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摘要:目的
以金针菇Flammulina velutipes菌渣为原料，结合生物质成型技术，开展金针菇菌渣成型特性的研究，探索金针菇菌渣能源化利用的新途径。
方法利用万能力学试验机制得成型颗粒，以松弛密度(RDS)、Meyer强度(HM)和比能耗(SEC)为成型燃料的技术指标，研究水分含量、温度、压力和原料粒径4个参数对菌渣原料成型颗粒品质的影响，并通过扫描电镜观察成型颗粒断面微观形态，进一步验证成型条件对成型效果的影响。
结果在选取的水分含量、温度、压力和原料粒径的变化范围之内，菌渣都能压缩成型，结合3个成型指标，确定金针菇菌渣成型的最优工艺参数为：水分含量(w) 11%~14%，温度100~120 ℃，压力3~5 kN，原料粒径0~5 mm。扫描电镜结果表明，在一定范围内温度和压力升高可以使成型颗粒粒子间结合更紧密。
结论金针菇菌渣成型效果良好，是一种较易成型的生物质原料。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the pelletization characteristics of Flammulina velutipes residues combined with biomass densification technology and explore a new approach to energy utilization of F. velutipes residues.
MethodThe pellets were densified by universal mechanical test mechanism. The effects of moisture content, temperature, compression force and particle size on the quality of pellets were studied using relaxed density (RDS), Meyer hardness (HM) and specific energy consumption (SEC) as technical indexes of densifying fuel. The cross-section microstructure of the pellets was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to further verify the effects of densification conditions on pelletization results.
ResultThe residues were all compressed and formed in the stated ranges of moisture content, temperature, compression force and particle size. Combining three pelletization indexes, the optimum technological parameters of F. velutipes residue molding were confirmed as: moisture content 11%–14%, temperature 100–120 ℃, compression force 3–5 kN and particle size 0–5 mm. SEM observation indicated that the increases of temperature and compression force in reasonable ranges could make the combination of pellet particles closer.
ConclusionF. velutipes residue has a good pelletization performance and is a kind of relatively easily densified biomass material.
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图 1 成型装置模具图
1：上法兰板；2：下法兰板；3：法兰螺栓；4：螺母；5：压缩杆套筒；6：压杆；7：加热带；8：热电偶；9：电源线；10：模具；11：圆筒底座；12：底座
Figure 1. Assembly drawing of compression molding equipment
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图 6 不同温度下成型颗粒的扫描电镜照片
Figure 6. SEM pictures of pellets at different densifying temperature
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图 7 不同压力下成型颗粒的扫描电镜照片
Figure 7. SEM pictures of pellets under different densifying compression force
表 1 试验参数取值
Table 1 Parameters for pelleting experiments
指标 w(水)/% θ/℃ 压力/kN 原料粒径/mm 取值范围 5~26 40~180 1~8 >0 试验取值 5，8，11，14，
17，20，23，2640，60，80，100，
120，140，160，1801，2，3，4，
5，6，7，80~1，1~2，2~3，
3~4，4~5，>5
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