Effects of external N and P on decomposition of mixed leaf litters of Michelia macclurei and Pinus massoniana woodlands
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摘要:目的
研究外源性N和P对火力楠Michelia macclurei和马尾松Pinus massoniana凋落叶分解速率的影响，以及分解过程中的N、P、K含量变化，了解混合凋落叶分解对外源性N和P的响应机制，为森林资源管理提供参考。
方法将火力楠和马尾松混合凋落叶置于火力楠林地及马尾松林地，分别设立4块5 m×5 m的小样方，喷施N、P和N+P，比较其分解速率及分解过程中的N、P、K含量变化。
结果在2种林地的不同处理下，24个月后，火力楠林地混合凋落叶残留量为施N(4.99 g)>对照(4.14 g)>施N+P(2.17 g)>施P(1.16 g)，马尾松林地混合凋落叶残留量为施N(2.72 g)>对照(1.21 g)>施N+P(0.36 g)>施P(0.16 g)，施N对火力楠和马尾松林下的混合凋落叶的分解有抑制作用；施P后两者的混合凋落叶的分解速率均不同程度地有所加快；施N+P后两者的混合凋落叶的分解速率也均加快，但慢于施P处理。马尾松林下混合凋落叶残留量均小于火力楠林下混合凋落叶残留量。分解24个月后，火力楠林地施N、P和N+P的混合凋落叶N质量分数分别为13.72、12.34和13.70 g·kg–1，而马尾松林地分别为12.63、13.46和14.54 g·kg–1, 均显著大于其凋落叶的初始N质量分数(9.90 g·kg–1)；施P和N+P处理的火力楠林地混合凋落叶P质量分数由初始的0.38 g·kg–1分别增至0.86和0.74 g·kg–1，而马尾松林地混合凋落叶P质量分数由初始的0.38 g·kg–1分别增至1.37和1.05 g·kg–1。凋落叶K含量的变化无规律。
结论火力楠和马尾松混交可促进火力楠凋落叶分解，提高混合凋落叶的分解速率。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of external nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) on decomposition rate of mixed leaf litters of Michelia macclurei and Pinus massoniana woodlands, and analyze changes in N,P and potassium(K) contents during deposition process, in order to understand the response mechanism of leaf litter decomposition to external N and P, and provide reference for forest resource management.
MethodMixed leaf litters of M. macclurei and P. massoniana were placed in woodlands of M. macclurei and P. massoniana. Four 5 m×5 m plots were set in each wood land and were sprayed with N, P or N+P. The decomposition rates and changes in N, P, K contents of leaf litters were compared.
ResultTwenty-four months after treatments, the amounts of leaf litter residue were N addition (4.99 g) > control (4.14 g) > N+P addition (2.17 g) > P addition (1.16 g) in M. macclurei woodland, and N addition (2.72 g) > control (1.21 g) > N+P addition (0.36 g) > P addition (0.16 g) in P. massoniana woodland. N addition inhibited decomposition of mixed leaf litters under M. macclurei and P. massoniana woodlands, whereas P and N+P additions both accelerated decomposition of mixed leaf litters with a faster decomposition rate compared to N+P addition. The amounts of leaf litter residue in P. massoniana woodland were less than those in M. macclurei woodland. Twenty-four months after treatments, N contents of mixed leaf litters treated with N, P and N+P additions were 13.72, 12.34 and 13.70 g·kg–1 respectively in M. macclurei woodland, and 12.63, 13.46, and 14.54 g·kg–1 respectively in P. massoniana woodland, Which were greater than the initial N content of mixed leaf litters (9.90 g·kg–1). The P content of mixed leaf litters treated with P and N+P additions increased from the initial value of 0.38 to 0.86 and 0.74 g·kg–1 respectively in M. macclurei woodland, and increased from 0.38 to 1.37 and 1.05 g·kg–1 respectively in P. massoniana woodland. K contents of mixed leaf litters changed irregularly.
ConclusionDecomposition of M. macclurei leaf litter can be accelerated and decomposition rate of mixed leaf litters can be enhanced by mixed-planting M. macclurei and P. massoniana.
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Keywords:
- Michelia macclurei /
- Pinus massoniana /
- mixed leaf litter /
- decomposition rate /
- external N and P
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图 1 火力楠林地凋落叶的残留量
同一曲线数据点上方凡具有一个相同小写字母者，表示不同处理时间之间差异不显著(P>0.05，Duncan’s法)。
Figure 1. Amount of leaf litter residue in Michelia macclurei woodland
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图 2 马尾松林地凋落叶的残留质量
同一曲线数据点上方凡具有一个相同小写字母者，表示不同处理时间之间差异不显著(P>0.05，Duncan’s法)。
Figure 2. Amount of leaf litter residue in Pinus massoniana woodland
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图 3 2种林地各处理的混合凋落叶残留量比较
同一处理的柱子上方凡具有一个相同字母者，表示林分间差异不显著(P>0.05，Duncan’s法)。
Figure 3. Comparison of amounts of mixed leaf litter residues in two woodlands with different treatments
表 1 试验林概况
Table 1 General characteristics of experimental stands
林分 坡向/
(°)坡度/
(°)平均
胸径/cm郁闭度 平均
树高/m冠幅/m 主要林下植被1) 火力楠 SW20 35 13.1 0.85 10.8 6 山芝麻、黑面神、山苍子、粗叶榕、三叉苦、冬青、海金沙、五指毛桃、玉叶金花、梅叶冬青、漫山秀竹、乌毛蕨、羊角拗、铁线蕨 马尾松 SW25 23 12.4 0.80 8.4 4 半边旗、梅叶冬青、悬钩子、淡竹叶、乌毛蕨、鸭脚木、漫山秀竹、金毛狗、白花酸果藤、五指毛桃、铁线蕨、红椎、鬼灯笼 1) 山芝麻Helicteres angustifolia、黑面神Breynia fruticosa、山苍子Litsea cubeba、粗叶榕Ficus hirta、三叉苦 Evodia lepta、冬青 Ilex chinensis、海金沙Lygodium japonicum、五指毛桃Ficus simplicissima、玉叶金花Mussaenda pubescens、梅叶冬青Ilex asprella、漫山秀竹Microstegiumvagans、乌毛蕨Blechnum orientale、羊角拗Strophanthus divaricatus、铁线蕨Adiantum capillus、半边旗Pteris semipinnata、悬钩子Rubus palmatus、淡竹叶Lophatherum gracile、鸭脚木Schefflera octophylla、金毛狗Cibotium barometz、白花酸果藤Embelia ribes、红椎 Castanopsis hystrix、鬼灯笼 Clerodrndrum fortumatum。 
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表 2 火力楠与马尾松林地凋落叶中的N、P、K含量变化1)
Table 2 Changes in N，P and K contents of mixed leaf litters in Michelia macclurei and Pinus massoniana woodlands
w/(g·kg–1) 凋落叶
养分林地 处理 0个月 3个月 6个月 9个月 12个月 15个月 18个月 21个月 24个月 N 火力楠 对照 9.90±0.00e 12.72±0.14a 11.21±0.14d 12.54±0.19a 11.82±0.09c 11.23±0.13d 12.76±0.19a 2.76±0.06a 12.08±0.05b 施N 9.90±0.00f 12.36±0.09cd 12.16±0.14d 12.56±0.28c 13.14±0.19b 12.43±0.12c 11.69±0.02e 13.21±0.02b 13.72±0.13a 施P 9.90±0.00g 11.23±0.08d 12.51±0.06c 13.88±0.06a 10.21±0.34f 10.62±0.28e 12.41±0.20c 13.25±0.07b 12.34±0.08c 施N+P 9.90±0.00d 12.03±0.09d 11.07±0.16e 13.04±0.07b 13.26±0.07b 12.47±0.25c 12.67±0.25c 12.55±0.18c 13.70±0.18a 马尾松 对照 9.90±0.00g 10.60±0.16f 11.97±0.10b 9.80±0.05g 11.34± 0.04d 10.56±0.15f 12.78±0.03a 11.14±0.06e 11.68±0.07c 施N 9.90±0.00h 12.45±0.25cd 10.75±0.20g 12.35±0.13d 12.08±0.16e 14.33±0.16a 11.75±0.03f 12.72±0.08b 12.63±0.06bc 施P 9.90±0.00e 8.80±0.04f 7.73±0.03g 11.70± 0.07c 10.78±0.21d 10.98±0.14d 13.47±0.19b 14.28±0.13a 13.46±0.07b 施N+P 9.90±0.00g 10.66±0.25e 9.02±0.02h 10.27± 0.14f 11.38±0.04d 9.11±0.08h 13.30± 0.05c 13.56±0.16b 14.54±0.16a P 火力楠 对照 0.38±0.00c 0.38±0.01c 0.39±0.01c 0.38±0.00c 0.32±0.01d 0.38±0.00c 0.40±0.00b 0.42±0.01a 0.39±0.01c 施N 0.38±0.00b 0.36±0.01c 0.38±0.00b 0.38±0.01b 0.36±0.01c 0.33±0.01d 0.37±0.00b 0.38±0.00b 0.40±0.00a 施P 0.38±0.00h 0.56±0.02e 0.49±0.01g 0.66±0.00c 0.54±0.01f 0.60±0.01d 0.66±0.01c 0.74±0.01b 0.86±0.01a 施N+P 0.38±0.00g 0.54±0.00e 0.46±0.00f 0.64±0.01b 0.75±0.00a 0.62±0.01c 0.47±0.00f 0.58±0.01d 0.74±0.01a 马尾松 对照 0.38±0.00d 0.36±0.01e 0.46±0.01b 0.42±0.01c 0.42±0.00c 0.38±0.00d 0.47±0.01b 0.41±0.01c 0.58±0.00a 施N 0.38±0.00e 0.40±0.01d 0.40±0.00d 0.44±0.00b 0.42±0.00c 0.45±0.01a 0.43±0.01bc 0.42±0.00c 0.43±0.01bc 施P 0.38±0.00i 0.42±0.01h 0.64±0.01f 0.90±0.00c 0.70±0.01e 0.61±0.01g 0.77±0.00d 1.08±0.03b 1.37±0.02a 施N+P 0.38±0.00g 0.51±0.01f 0.68±0.00e 0.69±0.01e 0.76±0.00d 0.86±0.00c 0.99±0.00b 0.86±0.02c 1.05±0.02a K 火力楠 对照 1.02±0.00g 0.76±0.02h 1.66±0.03b 1.50±0.01c 3.42±0.05a 1.31±0.01d 1.71±0.07b 1.16±0.04f 1.23±0.02e 施N 1.02±0.00de 0.67±0.03g 1.41±0.01c 2.57±0.12a 1.33±0.05c 1.05±0.06d 1.64±0.03b 0.86±0.02f 0.94±0.02ef 施P 1.02±0.00g 1.26±0.02f 1.88±0.01d 1.35±0.01e 4.50±0.02a 2.43±0.08b 2.04±0.03c 1.26±0.02f 1.92±0.02d 施N+P 1.02±0.00g 1.44±0.04f 3.55±0.09a 1.53±0.02e 1.71±0.02d 1.91±0.02b 1.81±0.06c 1.90± 0.03b 1.88±0.04b 马尾松 对照 1.02±0.00g 1.06±0.02g 2.04±0.01e 3.01±0.09b 1.90±0.03f 4.18±0.05a 2.80±0.08c 2.00±0.02e 2.46±0.03d 施N 1.02±0.00g 1.16±0.03f 2.49±0.04b 2.07±0.08d 4.76±0.10a 2.06±0.03d 2.57±0.02b 1.68±0.02e 2.22±0.04c 施P 1.02±0.00g 1.95±0.02d 3.42±0.02b 2.42±0.08c 5.65±0.09a 1.68±0.02e 2.39±0.05c 1.60±0.02f 1.74±0.01e 施N+P 1.02±0.00h 1.34±0.02g 3.18±0.02c 6.27±0.09a 2.29±0.02e 4.35±0.14b 1.57±0.01f 2.68±0.02d 1.50±0.02f 1)表中数据为平均值±标准差；同行数据后凡具有一个相同小写字母者，表示处理时间之间差异不显著(P>0.05，Duncan’s 法)。
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