Effects of plant growth regulators on vegetative and reproductive growth of Dalbergia odorifera
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摘要:目的
研究生长调节剂对降香黄檀Dalbergia odorifera营养生长与生殖生长的影响，为不同经营目标的降香黄檀人工林生产提供技术支撑。
方法以10年生降香黄檀为研究材料，采用随机区组试验设计，通过叶面喷施3种不同浓度的赤霉素(GA3)、多效唑(PP333)和6–苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)，测定盛花期内一年生新梢、花、叶的形态生长和干质量变化，再运用统计分析软件，对各种生长调节剂处理后营养生长和生殖生长的变化规律进行分析。
结果不同种类和不同浓度的生长调节剂对降香黄檀营养生长和生殖生长的影响差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。叶面喷施200、100 mg·L–1的GA3和500 mg·L–1的 6-BA均能显著促进降香黄檀的营养生长，抑制其生殖生长；其中，200 mg·L–1的GA3对生殖生长的抑制效果最理想，施用后其营养枝率比对照显著提高140.84%，花序数显著降低79.41%；100 mg·L–1的GA3对营养生长效果显著，施用后其营养枝枝长、直径、复叶数和单叶干质量分别比对照提高218.08%、120.70%、132.38%和217.33%，且均达显著水平。1 500、2 000 mg·L–1的PP333和50 mg·L–1的6-BA均能显著促进降香黄檀的生殖生长，以2 000 mg·L–1的PP333作用效果较好，处理后其花枝率、花序数量和花序径依次比对照提高73.50%、50.37%和31.30%，且均达显著水平。
结论降香黄檀人工林培育中，叶面喷施200 或100 mg·L–1 GA3能显著抑制生殖生长、促进营养生长，有利于大径级木材培育，2 000 mg·L–1的PP333则有利于生殖生长，有利于良种壮苗生产。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of plant growth regulators on vegetative and reproductive growth of Dalbergia odorifera, and provide useful suggestions for plantation management of D. odorifera with different purposes.
MethodWe set up a randomized block experiment using 10-year-old D. odorifera. Leaves were sprayed with three different concentrations of gibberellin (GA3), paclobutrazol (PP333) or benzyladenine (6-BA). Changes in morphology, growth and dry weight of 1-year-old branch, flower and leaf at full-bloom stage were measured. The changing patterns of vegetative and reproductive growth after treating with plant growth regulators were investigated using statistical analysis software.
ResultBoth type and concentration of plant growth regulators caused significant differences in vegetative and reproductive growth of D. odorifera (P<0.05). Foliar application of 200, 100 mg·L–1 GA3 or 500 mg·L–1 6-BA significantly promoted vegetative growth of D. odorifera, while inhibited reproductive growth. Application of 200 mg·L–1 GA3 had the best inhibition effect on reproductive growth with the ratio of vegetative branch increased by 140.84% and inflorescence number reduced by 79.41% compared to control (P<0.05). Application of 100 mg·L–1 GA3 had the best promoting effect on vegetative growth with the vegetative branch length and diameter, compound leaf number and dry weight of simple leaf increased by 218.08%, 120.70%, 132.38% and 217.33% compared to control (P<0.05). On the other hand, foliar application of 1 500, 2 000 mg·L–1 PP333 and 50 mg·L–1 6-BA significantly promoted the reproductive growth of D. odorifera. Application of 2 000 mg·L–1 PP333 had the best promoting effect on reproductive growth with the ratio of reproductive branch, the number and diameter of inflorescence increased by 73.50%, 50.37% and 31.30% respectively compared to control (P<0.05).
ConclusionFor plantation management of D. odorifera, foliar application of 200 mg·L–1 or 100 mg·L–1 GA3 can inhibit reproductive growth and promote vegetative growth, and should be used for large timber production. Foliar application of 2 000 mg·L–1 PP333 can promote reproductive growth, and should be suitable for selective breeding.
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图 1 不同生长调节剂处理对降香黄檀花生长的影响
图中数据为平均值±标准误，各图中柱子上方凡有一个相同小写字母者，表示处理间差异不显著(P>0.05，Duncan’s法)。
Figure 1. Effects of different plant growth regulators on flower development of Dalbergia odorifera
表 1 不同生长调节剂对降香黄檀一年生新梢的影响1)
Table 1 Effects of different plant growth regulators on 1-year-old branch of Dalbergia odorifera
处理 营养枝率/% 枝长度/cm 枝直径/mm 营养枝 生殖枝 营养枝 生殖枝 G1 22.73±0.166cd 1.16±1.012cd 9.55±2.725a 0.98±0.624c 2.86±0.624a G2 67.52±0.165ab 8.53±2.632a 4.65±2.192a 3.56±0.404a 1.71±0.766a G3 76.25±0.097a 4.38±0.872bc 6.50±2.322a 2.86±0.168ab 2.15±0.689a P1 23.75±0.107cd 2.06±0.919cd 10.25±1.332a 1.83±0.608bc 3.80±0.229a P2 31.64±0.167bc 1.14±0.478cd 8.92±2.352a 1.45±0.488bc 2.99±0.608a P3 8.39±0.050d 0.15±0.146d 13.28±1.717a 0.37±0.368c 3.65±0.199a B1 17.22±0.142d 0.58±0.577cd 9.03±1.403a 0.49±0.489c 3.49±0.136a B2 66.42±0.129ab 6.29±2.213ab 7.58±2.150a 3.06±0.194ab 3.18±0.108a B3 40.47±0.200bc 2.23±1.237cd 6.83±2.243a 1.49±0.678bc 2.39±0.760a CK 31.65±0.131bc 2.68±1.179bcd 10.83±1.615a 1.61±0.601bc 3.33±0.149a 1) 表中数据为平均值±标准误，同列数据后凡有一个相同小写字母者，表示处理间差异不显著(P>0.05，Duncan’s 法)。 
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表 2 不同生长调节剂处理对降香黄檀叶片生长的影响1)
Table 2 Effects of different plant growth regulators on leaf growth of Dalbergia odorifera
处理 复叶数/片 小叶长/cm 小叶宽/cm 单叶干质量/mg 营养枝 生殖枝 营养枝 生殖枝 营养枝 生殖枝 营养枝 生殖枝 G1 0.90±0.622c 4.33±1.033a 2.24±1.304bc 3.10±1.042a 1.56±0.920bc 1.96±0.656a 16.6±11.06bc 15.1±7.83a G2 4.34±0.806a 2.21±1.069a 5.20±0.086a 1.77±1.107a 3.21±0.110a 1.12±0.700a 47.6±4.23a 19.2±9.34a G3 3.48±0.467ab 3.91±1.284a 4.98±0.160a 3.28±1.043a 2.90±0.157a 1.92±0.610a 39.7±6.16ab 22.6±8.31a P1 1.49±0.566bc 4.66±0.394a 3.09±0.995abc 4.43±0.252a 1.81±0.593abc 2.58±0.189a 32.3±9.51abc 36.8±10.00a P2 1.78±0.669bc 4.21±0.870a 2.69±0.888abc 3.68±0.801a 1.75±0.568abc 2.20±0.466a 18.7±8.07bc 36.8±6.76a P3 0.33±0.328c 5.93±0.623a 1.15±1.148c 4.23±0.243a 0.60±0.659c 2.57±0.107a 8.8±8.75c 34.5±6.83a B1 0.56±0.558c 4.77±0.502a 0.85±0.845c 4.14±0.214a 0.55±0.548c 2.79±0.218a 6.0±5.87c 45.3±7.76a B2 4.10±0.777a 4.47±0.638a 4.64±0.410ab 4.68±0.369a 2.75±0.154ab 2.83±0.072a 32.0±6.40abc 33.9±2.90a B3 1.93±0.904bc 3.53±1.166a 2.08±0.945bc 2.92±0.937a 1.26±0.563bc 2.12±0.544a 11.8±7.33bc 24.3±8.69a CK 1.87±0.722bc 5.36±0.667a 3.39±0.400abc 3.88±0.323a 1.97±0.252abc 2.33±0.108a 15.0±7.81bc 22.1±0.80a 1) 表中数据为平均值±标准误，同列数据后凡有一个相同小写字母者，表示处理间差异不显著(P>0.05，Duncan’s 法)。
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