Research on the sowing performance monitoring system for precision seeders based on photoelectric sensor
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摘要:目的
针对玉米、大豆等作物单粒精密播种过程中出现的漏播、重播以及播种量不精准的问题，设计一种基于光电法的单粒精密播种机排种性能监测系统。
方法采用红外检测装置获取种子下落时的脉冲信号，脉冲信号经单片机处理后统计种子下落时间间隔，并与设定理论时间间隔相比较，计算漏播率、重播率及播种量。以垂直勺轮式排种器为对象，对监测系统进行单粒漏播、重播及播种量监测试验。
结果该监测系统的单粒监测精度达到98.8%；与排种器性能检测试验台架检测结果相比，监测系统的漏播率监测误差小于0.3%，重播率监测误差小于0.6%；播种量监测精度大于94.4%。
结论此监测系统工作稳定，监测精度较高
Abstract:ObjectiveTo design a sowing performance monitoring system based on photoelectric method, so as to solve the problems of miss-seeding, re-seeding and lack of precision in seeding volume during the single grain precision seeding process for crops such as corns and beans.
MethodInfrared sensors were applied to capture the pulse signal when the seeds were falling. The signal was processed by a micro-processor, the time gap between successive seed falling was summarized and compared with the designed time gap to obtain the miss-seeding rate, re-seeding rate and seeding volume. Vertical scoop wheel seedmeter was used as the test object to monitor the miss-seeding, re-seeding performance and seeding volume.
ResultThe monitoring accuracy rate for single grain of this monitoring system reached 98.8%. Compared with the results of the test-bed for testing performance of the seedmeter, the monitoring error of miss-seeding rate was below 0.3%, the monitoring error of re-seeding rate was below 0.6% and the monitoring accuracy rate of seeding volume was above 94.4%.
ConclusionThe monitoring system works stably and has high accuracy.
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图 1 监测装置安装位置示意图
1：种箱；2：垂直勺轮式排种器；3：监测装置；4：开沟器侧板；5：开沟器。
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of monitoring sensor position
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图 2 监测装置俯视图
1：红外发射二极管；2：凸透镜；3、5：防尘罩；4：播种管横切面；6：红外接收二极管。
Figure 2. Top view of monitoring sensor
表 1 单粒监测试验结果
Table 1 Monitoring result of single grain
试验号 实际排种量/粒 监测排种量/粒 监测精确度/% 1 250 248 99.2 2 250 246 98.4 3 250 247 98.8 平均值 250 247 98.8 
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表 2 漏播与重播监测试验结果
Table 2 Monitoring results of miss-seeding and re-seeding
排种轴转速/(r·min-1) 漏播率/% 重播率/% 台架试验 监测系统 台架试验 监测系统 12.6 0.8 0.7 4.9 4.7 16.8 2.7 2.6 4.8 4.5 21.0 6.4 6.1 4.3 3.7
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表 3 播种量监测试验结果
Table 3 Monitoring result of seeding volume
排种轴转速/(r·min-1) 实际播种量/粒 监测播种量/粒 准确率/% 12.6 411 388 94.4 16.8 610 586 96.0 21.0 813 776 95.4
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