摘要:
通过广东省2002—2011年苦瓜“3414”测土配方施肥试验，建立瓜类蔬菜测土配方施肥技术指标体系.本研究以相对产量50%、75%、90%和95%为标准将土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分为极低、低、中、高、极高5级；并分别用一元二次和线性加平台模型对不同土壤养分分级范围内施肥量和产量关系进行模拟，计算最佳肥料用量.研究结果表明，当土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾处于极低等级［w(N)≤70 mg·kg-1、w(P2O5)≤5 mg·kg-1、w(K2O)≤30 mg·kg-1］时，氮(N) 磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)的施用量（kg·hm-2）分别为300≤y1<390、200≤y2<215、275≤y3 <372;低等级［70 mg·kg-1<w(N)≤120 mg·kg-1、5 mg·kg-1<w(P2O5)≤35 mg·kg-1、30 mg·kg-1<w(K2O)≤85 mg·kg-1］时，氮、磷、钾的施用量（kg·hm-2）分别为200≤y1<300、120≤y2<200、175≤y3<275 kg·hm-2，中等级［120 mg·kg-1<w(N)≤165 mg·kg-1、35 mg·kg-1<w(P2O5)≤95 mg·kg-1、85 mg·kg-1<w(K2O)≤165 mg·kg-1］时，氮、磷、钾的施用量（kg·hm-2）分别为140≤y1<200、80≤y2<120、110≤y3<175，高等级［165 mg·kg -1<w(N)≤185 mg·kg-1、95 mg·kg-1<w(P2O5)≤140 mg·kg -1、165 mg·kg -1<w(K2O)≤200 mg·kg-1］时,氮、磷、钾的施用量(kg·hm-2）分别为120≤y1<140、65≤y2<80、90≤y3<110，极高等级［w(N)>185 mg·kg-1、w(P2O5)>140 mg·kg-1、w(K2O)>200 mg·kg-1］时，氮、磷、钾的施用量（kg·hm-2)分别为0<y1<120、0<y2<65、0<y3<90.
Abstract:
Nutrient abundance and deficiency and fertilization recommendation index of balsam pear were established in Guangdong. Data analysis were based on the “3414”field experiments of trail in Guangdong from 2002 to 2011. Taking plentiful-lack of soil nutrition as an index, soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen (N), Olsen-P and available potassium were classified into five classes corresponding to relative yield of 50%,75%,90%and 95%. Fertilizer recommended rates were simulated by the models of one-factor, liner and platform for “3414”field experiments. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer(N) rates (kg·hm-2) were 300≤y1<390, 200≤y1<300, 140≤y1<200, 120≤y1<140, and0< y1<120 when soil fertilizer was classified as very low, low, medium, high and the highest［w(N)≤70 mg·kg-1, 70 mg·kg-1< w(N)≤120 mg·k-1, 120 mg·kg-1< w(N)≤165 mg·kg-1, 165 mg·kg-1< w(N)≤185 mg·kg-1 and w(N)>185 mg·kg-1］, respectively; phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) rates(kg·hm-2) were 200≤y2<215, 120≤y2<200, 80≤y2<120, 65≤y2<80 and 0<y2<65［w(P2O5)≤5 mg·kg-1, 5 mg·kg-1< w(P2O5)≤35 mg·kg-1, 35 mg·kg-1< w(P2O5)≤95 mg·kg-1, 95 mg·kg-1< w(P2O5)≤140 mg·kg-1 and w(P2O5)>140 mg·kg-1］,while potassium fertilizer (K2O) rates(kg·hm-2)were 275≤y3<372, 175≤y3<275, 110≤y3<175, 90≤y3<110 and 0< y3<90［w(K2O)<30 mg·kg-1, 30 mg·kg-1< w(K2O)≤85 mg·kg-1, 85 mg·kg-1< w(K2O)≤165 mg·kg-1, 165 mg·kg-1<w(K2O)≤200 mg·kg-1and w(K2O)>200 mg·kg-1］. Compared with the fertilization plentiful-lack index by original system, the soil nutrition content of this research suggested that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased.
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